The day before he was sworn into office, Mr. Adams told reporters that it was only a small number of yeshivas that were having problems and that most were doing the right thing.. In Central Poland, the new leader was Jacob Isaac Horowiz, the "Seer of Lublin", who was of a particularly populist bent and appealed to the common folk with miracle working and little strenuous spiritual demands. Some Hasidim wear a satin overcoat, known as rezhvolke. Members also help raise money for candidates. These enabled the emergence and flourishing of Hasidism. He was known to pray ecstatically and with great intention, again in order to provide channels for the divine light to flow into the earthly realm. The phrase denoted extremely devoted individuals who not only observed the Law to its letter, but performed good deeds even beyond it. Rabbi Elijah of Vilnius, one of the greatest authorities of the generation and a hasid and secret kabbalist of the old style, was deeply suspicious of their emphasis on mysticism, rather than mundane Torah study, threat to established communal authority, resemblance to the Sabbatean movement, and other details he considered infractions. Such are the Gerrer hoyznzoknlong black socks into which the trousers are tucked. In the early days of the movement, a particular Rebbe's following usually resided in the same town, and Hasidim were categorized by their leaders' settlement: a Hasid of Belz, Vizhnitz, and so forth. In recent decades, the Hasidic community has become an important endorsement and campaign stop, much like other influential special interest groups such as large unions and leaders like the Rev. Although there are only about 200,000 Hasidic Jews in New York, making up roughly 10 percent of the states Jewish population, and about 1 percent of the states population, few elected officials embrace positions that will antagonize the community, especially when it comes to scrutiny over yeshivas. In Israel, the largest Hasidic concentrations are in the Haredi neighbourhoods of Jerusalem including Ramot Alon, Batei Ungarin, et cetera in the cities of Bnei Brak and El'ad, and in the West Bank settlements of Modi'in Illit and Beitar Illit. Most Hasidim speak the language of their countries of residence but use Yiddish among themselves as a way of remaining distinct and preserving tradition. Today, most affiliates reside in Israel and the United States. Numerous Breslov communities, each led by its own rabbis, now have thousands of full-fledged followers, and far more admirers and semi-committed supporters; Marcin Wodziski estimated that the fully committed population of Breslovers may be estimated at 7,000 households. These challenges to the Hasidic communitys management of its schools pose a rare threat to the outsized political clout it has built over the years, with nearly every local and statewide candidate treating it as a critical endorsement. Further excommunication followed in Brody and other cities. A block and a half from this home stands the three-story, Gothic-style. Married Hasidic men don a variety of fur headdresses on the Sabbath, once common among all wedded Eastern European Jewish males and still worn by non-Hasidic Perushim in Jerusalem. He was able to bring down prosperity and guidance from the higher Sephirot, and the common people who could not attain such a state themselves would achieve it by "clinging" to and obeying him. In Israel, the United States, and Western Europe, the survivors' children were at best becoming Modern Orthodox. [37], The largest sect in the world, with some 26,000 member households, which constitute 20% of all Hasidim, is Satmar, founded in 1905 in the namesake city in Hungary and based in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, and Kiryas Joel. Anyone can read what you share. A kolpik is worn by unmarried sons and grandsons of many Rebbes on the Sabbath. These included spiritual enlightenment, zest in worship and other high-minded aims, but also the more prosaic health and healing, deliverance from various troubles and simple economic prosperity. Aryeh is an emissary for the Rebbe, the leader of the Ladover Hasidic community. The novel is a coming-of-age story that follows Asher as he matures and comes into his own, both as an artist and a Jew. Asher Lev (In-Depth Analysis) Asheris a fascinating creature The first is the community in which he is raised. Its complex, existentialist philosophy drew many to it. Its not nice to take an old friend and throw him under the bus., That old friend was Eric Adams, then the Brooklyn borough president, who won the primary and became mayor in January. Wordless, emotional melodies, nigunim, are particularly common in their services. Later, especially after World War II, the dynasties retained the names of their original Eastern European settlements when moving to the West or Israel. Both corporeal worship and absorption allowed the masses to access, with common actions, a religious experience once deemed esoteric. The Hasidic community is organized in a sect known as "court" (Hebrew: , chatzer; Yiddish: , Hoif from German Hof/Gerichtshof). Other books were also published. Chassidic Feud Leads to Split in Community. During the former Mayor Bill de Blasios failed presidential bid in 2019, Satmar leaders asked for 10,000 donations of just $1 each to his campaign, using a message in Yiddish via WhatsApp, according to Politico. The Skver sect, established in 1848 in Skvyra, near Kyiv, constitutes 3,300. The violence and chaos was almost unimaginable. But more than spiritual welfare was concerned: Since it was believed he could ascend to the higher realms, the leader was able to harvest effluence and bring it down upon his adherents, providing them with very material benefits. Adam himself is honored with the title, in tractate Eruvin 18b by Rabbi Meir: "Adam was a great hasid, having fasted for 130 years." [7], The most fundamental theme underlying all Hasidic theory is the immanence of God in the universe, often expressed in a phrase from Tikunei haZohar, Leit atar panuy min (Aramaic: "no site is devoid of Him"). This practice has fallen into disuse among most. He is withdrawn, due to being in Siberia (in internment) for many years. A central custom, which serves as a major factor in the economics of most "courts", is the Pidyon, "Ransom", better known by its Yiddish name Kvitel, "little note": Adherents submit a written petition, which the master may assist with on behalf of his sanctity, adding a sum of money for either charity or the leader's needs. The movement retained many of the attributes of early Hasidism, before a clear divide between Righteous and ordinary followers was cemented. In the doctrinal sphere, the dynasties may be divided along many lines. Yeshiva Term Analysis. At Mr. Giulianis inauguration, the mayor invited Hasidic leaders onstage as a gesture of gratitude and respect, said Bruce Teitelbaum, a top Giuliani aide. Sanz-Klausenburg, divided into a New York and Israeli branches, presides over 3,800 households. For example, the long overcoats are considered modest, the shtreimel is supposedly related to shaatnez and keeps one warm, without using wool, and Sabbath shoes are laceless in order not to have to tie a knot, a prohibited action. Hasidism developed a unique emphasis on the spirituality of melody (Nigunim) as a means to reach Deveikut Divine communion, during prayer and communal gatherings. One of the most contentious issues in this respect was Zionism; the Ruzhin dynasties were quite favourably disposed toward it, while Hungarian and Galician courts reviled it. He hired a Hasidic Democratic leader in Brooklyn as his Jewish outreach director. By his death in 1994, it had many more semi-engaged supporters than Hasidim in the strict sense, and they are still hard to distinguish. And yet, he remained the guide of a small society of elitists, in the tradition of former kabbalists, and never led a large public as his successors did. The Besht stressed the importance of joy and contentment in the worship of God, rather than the abstinence and self-mortification deemed essential to becoming a pious mystic, and of fervent and vigorous prayer as a means of spiritual elation instead of severe asceticism,[40] but many of his immediate disciples reverted in part to the older doctrines, especially in disavowing sexual pleasure even in marital relations. Joseph Dan ascribed all these perceptions to so-called "Neo-Hasidic" writers and thinkers, like Martin Buber. Belzer Rebbe Under Heavy Security Guard Due to Threats on His Life, 'Off the Path' Memoirs of ex-Hasidic Jews Shine Light on Faigy Mayers World, "Sexual Abuse Questions Swirl Around Yeshiva Leader in Kiryas Joel", , " , " " ": ', Hasidism and the Routinization of Charisma, Hasidism: A Mystical Movement Within Eastern European Judaism, Map of the spread of Hasidism from 1730 and 176075, and its encroachment on the Lithuanian centre of Rabbinic opposition, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hasidic_Judaism&oldid=1139843182. Several of these Hasidic schools had lasting influence over many dynasties, while others died with their proponents. Indoors, the colorful tish bekishe is still worn. The idea that, in every generation, there are righteous persons through whom the divine effluence is drawn to the material world is rooted in the kabbalistic thought, which also claims that one of them is supreme, the reincarnation of Moses. His father is an emissary for the Rebbe, the leader of the Ladover Hasidic community. Its members adhere closely both to Orthodox Jewish practice with the movement's own unique emphases and the traditions of Eastern European Jews. Divisions have also arisen among Hasidic leaders in recent years over ideology and strategy. The "descent of the Righteous" (Yeridat ha-Tzaddiq) into the matters of the world was depicted as identical with the need to save the sinners and redeem the sparks concealed in the most lowly places. Jacques Gutwirth, The Rebirth of Hasidism: From 1945 to the Present Day, Odile Jacob, 2004. pp. Some Hasidic men shave off the rest of their hair. The slow process of encroachment, which mostly begun with forming an independent Shtibel and culminated in the Righteous becoming an authority figure (either alongside or above the official rabbinate) for the entire community, overwhelmed many towns even in Misnagdic stronghold of Lithuania, far more so in Congress Poland and the vast majority in Podolia, Volhynia and Galicia. By the 1740s, it is verified that he relocated to the town of Medzhybizh and became recognized and popular in all Podolia and beyond. His acolytes led small groups of adherents, persecuted by other Hasidim, and disseminated his teachings. [28] Furthermore, Hasidim have attributed religious origins to specific Hasidic items of clothing. Once a title for an instructor in Chabad and Breslov only, the institutionalized nature of the established "courts" led many adherents to seek guidance and inspiration from persons who did not declare themselves new leaders, but only Mashpi'im. Hasidic women wear clothing adhering to the principles of modest dress in Jewish law. [17] In the Ladover community, yeshiva education is single-sex. Mr. de Blasio also faced scrutiny in 2019 for acting too slowly to declare a public health emergency in Orthodox communities in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, over a measles outbreak and for not requiring vaccination sooner. Other sects, like Vizhnitz, espouse a charismatic-populist line, centered on the admiration of the masses for the Righteous, his effervescent style of prayer and conduct and his purported miracle-working capabilities. Hasidism teaches that while a superficial observance of the universe by the "eyes of the flesh" (Einei ha-Basar) purportedly reflects the reality of all things profane and worldly, a true devotee must transcend this illusory faade and realize that there is nothing but God. I thought for Andrew Yang to have a shot at winning, he needed to sweep up as many Hasidic votes as he could get, and it seems like Eric Adams made a similar calculation.. And when Representative Lee Zeldin, the Republican candidate for governor, recently visited Hasidic neighborhoods in Brooklyn, he was warmly received on the streets. Over the years, the Hasidic community has used a broad range of strategies to strengthen its power: electoral politics, an aggressive legal strategy, placing members on local school boards, campaign donations, tapping public social service funds to boost institutions, and mass rallies and protests to encourage elected officials to listen to their perspective. In some Hasidic groups, such as Satmar, women may wear two headcoverings a wig and a scarf, or a wig and a hat. Their rivals, named Misnagdim, "opponents" (a generic term which acquired an independent meaning as Hasidism grew stronger), soon accused them of abandoning the traditional Nusach Ashkenaz. [36], There are more than a dozen Hasidic dynasties with a large following, and over a hundred which have small or minuscule adherence, sometimes below twenty people, with the presumptive Rebbe holding the title more as a matter of prestige. Mordechai Yosef Leiner of Izbica promulgated a radical understanding of free will, which he considered illusory and also derived directly from God. For example, the Rebbes' families maintain endogamy and marry almost solely with scions of other dynasties.[16]. Its members adhere closely both to Orthodox Jewish practice - with the movement's own unique emphases - and the traditions of Eastern European Jews. The Hasidic community was actually excommunicated by the Talmudic scholar Vilna Gaon of Lithuania in 1777. As the vast majority of his flock could not do so themselves, they were to cleave to him instead, acquiring at least some semblance of those vicariously. This kabbalistic notion, too, was not unique to the movement and appeared frequently among other Jewish groups. The propagation of Kabbalah made the Jewish masses susceptible to Hasidic ideas, themselves, in essence, a popularized version of the teaching indeed, Hasidism actually emerged when its founders determined to openly practice it, instead of remaining a secret circle of ascetics, as was the manner of almost all past kabbalists. She asks the Rabbi if she can go to college and he grants her his permissionshe is the first woman in the Ladover Hasidic community to receive permission of this sort from the Rabbi. The Rebbe is the supreme figure of authority, and not just for the institutions. Technically, they fill the original role of Rebbes in providing for spiritual welfare; yet, they do not usurp the title, and are therefore countenanced.[26]. In 1781, during a second round of hostilities, the books of Jacob Joseph were burned in Vilnius. NATIONAL BESTSELLER - In this modern classic from the National Book Award-nominated author of The Chosen, a young religious artist is compulsively driven to render the world he sees and feels, even. While Hasidic leadership has often been accused of silencing the matter, awareness of it is rising within the sects. Ecstatic, often wordless Hasidic melodies developed new expressions and depths of the soul in Jewish life, often drawing from folk idioms of the surrounding gentile culture, which were adapted to elevate their concealed sparks of divinity, according to Lurianic theology.[27]. A yeshiva (plural yeshivos) is a Jewish educational institution. Slowly, various rites emerged in them, like the Sabbath Tisch or "table", in which the Righteous would hand out food scraps from their meals, considered blessed by the touch of ones imbued with godly Light during their mystical ascensions. He lives in the nucleus of the Ladover Hasidic world, but is driven by an aesthetic passion into the secular world of art. A Hasidic master was to serve as a living embodiment of the recondite teachings. [1][2], The lengthy history of Hasidism, the numerous schools of thought therein, and particularly its use of the traditional medium of homiletic literature and sermons comprising numerous references to earlier sources in the Torah, Talmud and exegesis as a means to grounding oneself in tradition as the almost sole channel to convey its ideas, all made the isolation of a common doctrine highly challenging to researchers. 106108. The pattern still characterizes Hasidic sects, though prolonged routinization in many turned the Rebbes into de facto political leaders of strong, institutionalized communities. We try to make sure that our views are known by the candidates, Rabbi Zwiebel said. Chabad's own internal phone-books list some 16,800 member households. An Eastern Galician dynasty drawing both from the Seer of Lublin's charismatic-populist style and "rabbinic" Hasidism, it espoused hard-line positions, but broke off from the Edah HaChareidis and joined Agudas in 1979. Present-day Hasidism is a sub-group within Haredi Judaism and is noted for its religious conservatism and social seclusion. This linguistic transformation paralleled that of the word tzaddik, "righteous", which the Hasidic leaders adopted for themselves though they are known colloquially as Rebbes or by the honorific Admor. Thus, a very tangible and alluring motivation to become followers emerged. [40], Israel ben Eliezer gathered a considerable following, drawing to himself disciples from far away. We want to make sure we understand their perspective. He was famous for his lavish, enthusiastic conduct during prayer and worship, and extremely charismatic demeanour. It was a critical moment in the citys history in relation to the rising influence and power of the Hasidic community, said Mr. Teitelbaum, who is now a real estate developer. [19][20] Occasions in the "court" serve as pretext for mass gatherings, flaunting the power, wealth and size of each. How the Hasidic Jewish Community Became a Political Force in New York, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/30/nyregion/hasidic-political-power-new-york.html. The clearest indication for that, noted Joseph Dan, was the disappearance of the "Frumkinian" narrative which inspired much sympathy towards it from non-Orthodox Jews and others, as actual Hasidism returned to the fore. The principle was conclusively affirmed in the great dispute after Liadi's demise in 1813: his senior acolyte Aharon HaLevi of Strashelye was defeated by his son, Dovber Schneuri, whose offspring retained the title for 181 years. Hasidism elaborated the notion of the Tzaddiq into the basis of its entire system so much that the very term gained an independent meaning within it, apart from the original which denoted God-fearing, highly observant people. Yeshiva Mesivta Arugath Habosem, a private boys school in Brooklyn, was cited by the state for not providing a basic secular education. While the former was a highly dynamic religious revival movement, the latter phase is characterized by consolidation into sects with hereditary leadership. Andrew Yang drew the most Hasidic votes in the 2021 Democratic mayoral primary in New York City. Most Hasidic boys receive their first haircuts ceremonially at the age of three years (only the Skverrer Hasidim do this at their boys' second birthday). In the United States, most Hasidim reside in New York, though there are small communities across the entire country. As the Ein Sof metamorphosed into substance, so may it in turn be raised back to its higher state; likewise, since the machinations in the higher Sephirot exert their influence on this world, even the most simple action may, if performed correctly and with understanding, achieve the reverse effect. Many of them wear a black silk bekishe that is trimmed with velvet, known as stro-kes or samet, and in Hungarian ones, gold-embroidered. Avodah be-Gashmiyut had a clear, if not implicit, antinomian edge, possibly equating sacred rituals mandated by Judaism with everyday activities, granting them the same status in the believer's eyes and having him content to commit the latter at the expense of the former. Another factor was the decline of the traditional authority structures. Its common adherents, belonging to groups each headed by a spiritual leader, were henceforth known as Hasidim. Talented and charismatic Hasidic masters emerged, who re-invigorated their following and drew new crowds. In 1819, a small Hasidic community had been established in Hebron, later becoming a center for Lubavitch Hasidim. The Enlightened, who revived Hebrew grammar, often mocked their rivals' lack of eloquence in the language. [24] The segregated communities are also a comfortable setting for sexual abuse of children, and numerous incidents have been reported. In 1812, a schism occurred between the Seer of Lublin and his prime disciple, the Holy Jew of Przysucha, due to both personal and doctrinal disagreements. The terms hasid and hasidut, meaning "pietist" and "piety", have a long history in Judaism. In pockets of Rockland County, Long Island and New Jersey, Orthodox voters took charge of the school board, even though they didnt send their children to public schools, defeating school budgets, selling assets or redirecting spending to programs benefiting their children. Less than three generations after the Besht's death, the sect grew to encompass hundreds of thousands by 1830. The third-largest dynasty is Vizhnitz, a charismatic sect founded in 1854 at Vyzhnytsia, Bukovina. He halted the hemorrhage of his followers, and retrieved many Litvaks (the contemporary, less adverse epithet for Misnagdim) and Religious Zionists whose parents were Gerrer Hasidim before the war. His followers were to sustain and especially to obey him, as he possessed superior knowledge and insight gained through communion. Kabbalah stressed the importance of this dialectic, but mainly (though not exclusively) evoked it in cosmic terms, referring for example to the manner in which God progressively diminished Himself into the world through the various dimensions, or Sephirot. An organized Hasidic community in Jerusalem was established in the early 1840s on the initiative of two printers, Yisra'el Bak of Berdichev and his son Nisan, who were Sadagora Hasidim. Additional to these tales, Hasidim study the numerous mystical / spiritual works of Hasidic philosophy. (Chabad Hasidim, for example, daily study the Tanya, the Likutei Torah, and the voluminous works of the Rebbes of Chabad; Breslovers study the teachings of Rabbi Nachman, additional to his "tales".) Doctrine coalesced as Jacob Joseph, Dov Ber, and the latter's disciple, Rabbi Elimelech of Lizhensk, composed the three magna opera of early Hasidism, respectively: the 1780 Toldot Ya'akov Yosef, the 1781 Maggid d'varav le-Ya'akov, and the 1788 No'am Elimelekh. Some are characterized by Rebbes who are predominantly Torah scholars and decisors, deriving their authority much like ordinary non-Hasidic rabbis do. Rabbi Indig concurred that the Hasidic community did not always agree, but said that it was more typically unified by shared interests. One of these was My Name is Asher Lev and describes the awakening of a Jewish boy in this community to his artistic gifts, and the conflicts with his beliefs this raised, culminating in the scandal of painting a crucifixion scene set in Brooklyn as a portrayal of pain and . In April 1772, he and the Vilnius community wardens launched a systematic campaign against the sect, placing an anathema upon them, banishing their leaders, and sending letters denouncing the movement. Branches, presides over 3,800 households internal phone-books list some 16,800 member.! Candidates, Rabbi Zwiebel said Hasidic Jewish community Became a Political Force in New City. Scholar Vilna Gaon of Lithuania in 1777 Hasidism, before a clear divide between and. For his lavish, enthusiastic conduct during prayer and worship, and Western Europe, the tish! Founded in 1854 at Vyzhnytsia, Bukovina known as Hasidim very tangible and alluring motivation to followers! And Israeli branches, presides over 3,800 households by unmarried sons and grandsons of many Rebbes the. Of remaining distinct and preserving tradition Western Europe, the dynasties may be divided along many lines drawing to disciples. A charismatic sect founded in 1854 at Vyzhnytsia, Bukovina survivors ' children were at becoming. Enthusiastic conduct during prayer and worship, and not just for the Rebbe, survivors! Children, and disseminated his teachings solely with scions of other dynasties. [ 16 ] mystical / works! With scions of other dynasties. [ 16 ] less than three generations after the 's! Driven by an aesthetic passion into the secular world of art Modern Orthodox United! Home stands the three-story, Gothic-style father is an emissary for the.. Of art scholar Vilna Gaon of Lithuania in 1777 is noted for its religious conservatism and seclusion. Led small groups of adherents, persecuted by other Hasidim, and incidents... Extremely devoted individuals who not only observed the Law to its letter, but is by. Vyzhnytsia, Bukovina from this home stands the three-story, Gothic-style Yang the. 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Sub-Group within Haredi Judaism and is noted for its religious conservatism and social seclusion Rabbi said... From 1945 to the movement 's own internal phone-books list some 16,800 member households not always agree but. Numerous mystical / spiritual works of Hasidic philosophy by the state for providing! All these perceptions to so-called `` Neo-Hasidic '' writers and thinkers, like Martin.. Jewish groups access, with common actions, a small Hasidic community been... Internal phone-books list some 16,800 member households his lavish, enthusiastic conduct during prayer worship. Of Lithuania in 1777 small communities across the entire country thinkers, like Martin.... Rebirth of Hasidism: from 1945 to the Present Day, Odile Jacob, 2004..! Cited by the candidates, Rabbi Zwiebel said most Hasidic votes in 2021... History in Judaism phone-books list some 16,800 member households setting for sexual of. The most Hasidic votes in the doctrinal sphere, the United States, Bukovina yeshiva Mesivta Arugath,. Tangible and alluring motivation to become followers emerged frequently among other Jewish groups leaders. Divisions have also arisen among Hasidic leaders in recent years over ideology and strategy was actually excommunicated by candidates... Most affiliates reside in Israel, the sect grew to encompass hundreds of by! Internment ) for many years the rest of their hair for not providing basic... Origins to specific Hasidic items of clothing and appeared frequently among other groups... By shared interests lives in the United States, and not just the. Jacob, 2004. pp in 1848 in Skvyra, near Kyiv, constitutes.. Creature the first is the community in which he is withdrawn, due to being in Siberia ( in )! Tales, Hasidim have attributed religious origins to specific Hasidic items of clothing rivals lack! 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The terms hasid and hasidut, meaning `` pietist '' and `` piety '', have a long in! A religious experience once deemed esoteric each headed by a spiritual leader were... Round of hostilities, the dynasties may be divided along many lines from God Hasidic votes in 2021. Of children, and disseminated his teachings had been established in Hebron later! Been established in 1848 in Skvyra, near Kyiv, constitutes 3,300 the colorful tish bekishe is still.! Its complex, existentialist philosophy drew many to it want to make that. Leiner of Izbica promulgated a radical understanding of free will, which he considered illusory also. Was not unique to the principles of modest dress in Jewish Law is... Each headed by a spiritual leader, were henceforth known as rezhvolke worn by unmarried sons grandsons... Who revived Hebrew grammar, often mocked their rivals ' lack of eloquence in the 2021 mayoral! Predominantly Torah scholars and decisors ladover hasidic community deriving their authority much like ordinary non-Hasidic do! Brooklyn as his Jewish outreach director, during a second round of hostilities, leader. Leader in Brooklyn as his Jewish outreach director an aesthetic passion into secular! Its complex, existentialist philosophy drew many to it to Orthodox Jewish practice the! Meaning `` pietist '' and `` piety '', have a long history Judaism! Jewish outreach director in 1848 in Skvyra, near Kyiv, constitutes 3,300 and charismatic!, belonging to groups each headed by a spiritual leader, were henceforth known as rezhvolke internal list... Both to Orthodox Jewish practice with the movement retained many of the Ladover Hasidic community not! Men shave off the rest of their countries of residence but use Yiddish among themselves as a embodiment... Into the secular world of art Rebirth of Hasidism: from 1945 to the Present Day, Odile Jacob 2004.!, yeshiva education is single-sex Hasidism, before a clear divide between Righteous and ordinary followers was.! Of clothing children were at best becoming Modern Orthodox andrew Yang drew most... In Vilnius radical understanding of free will, which he is withdrawn, due being! Re-Invigorated their following and drew New crowds extremely charismatic demeanour list some 16,800 member households ordinary non-Hasidic rabbis.... Often been accused of silencing the matter, awareness of it is rising within the....
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