The U.S. has an opportunity to build off of its strong response to the Ukrainian refugee crisis. While the two categories are treated differently by law, in practice they are both asylum seekers. Copyright 2022 NPR. In other words, the choice presented to the Lebanese people by . Why? EU leaders who focus on migration have mostly been concerned with arrivals from Africa, and they have pursued policies to deter these migrants. You know, looking and seeing why African migrants aren't allowed to cross into Hungary is just as valid as just asking why Ukrainians are. While media outlets have labeled Ukrainians refugees, they oscillated between refugees and migrants when referring to Middle Eastern and African refugees in 2015. Tradues em contexto de "refugees to being" en ingls-portugus da Reverso Context : In addition, it must withdraw its support for the EU decisions, which together with the Schengen Agreement and the Dublin Regulations, condemn thousands of refugees to being trapped in Greece against their will. ANDREW LIMBONG, BYLINE: On Friday, CBS News senior foreign correspondent Charlie D'Agata framed the fighting in Kyiv like this. In contrast, a refugee arriving in America, after receiving a grant of $900 from the government, often has to rely on private aid organizations. Chancellor Angela Merkel is facing her biggest political crisis to date over this issue, with over 40 percent of Germans calling for her resignation this year in response to her open-border policy. In addition, they pose a health threat because some refugees come from countries with comparably higher rates of certain diseases (e.g., tuberculosis, AIDS). In the wall-to-wall coverage of the crisis in Ukraine, a certain pattern has sometimes emerged that positions Ukrainians as different from other victims of conflict. He's the host of NPR's Book of the Day podcast and a frequent host on Life Kit. The UNHCR has warned that the conflation of refugees and migrants has politicized humanitarian work, but the distinction was political at the onset, as it prioritizes victims of physical violence over victims of structural and economic violence. Since anger and hostility toward refugees might be related to the perception of injustice as well, we need to address feelings of injustice related to the obligation of accepting refugees and foreigners. This treatment also extended to racialized permanent . Approximately 18,000 Europeans from 15 countries were given profiles and asked whom they would grant asylum; the study found a consistent bias against Muslim asylum-seekers, who were 11 percentage points less likely to be accepted than otherwise similar Christians. Corroborating this anti-Muslim bias among Europeans, another experiment in France concluded that increasing numbers of Muslims in France resulted in increased xenophobia. Stanford, California 94305. For more information, see our full Privacy Policy. Watch on. Notwithstanding, numerous other treaties - dealing with human rights, refugees, stateless people and the protection of political, civil and economic rights -indirectly afford protection for migrants; unfortunately, all too often, receiving countries flout these obligations. Asylum applicants in northern Europe receive welfare benefits including free education and health care while their applications are being processed, which presents a considerable cost to society. But at the same time, the Biden administration has been quietly engaged in another series of evacuation flights, this time at our southern border. Refugees and migrants arrive to Europe by the same road; they also face the same challenges in seeking asylum, labor, and housing, as well as integrating into their host communities. In other words, the deaths of African and Middle Eastern civilians have elicited less attention from media outlets and foreign governments than the deaths of Ukrainians. With fewer resources invested in non-Ukrainian refugees, it may take longer for their asylum cases to be processed, prolonging unemployment, living precarity, and limited access to resources. Refugees are not citizens of the country of asylum and therefore have specific protection needs. As anthropologist Miriam Ticktin has documented, some even infect themselves with deadly diseases to gain protection as HIV-positive patients and thereby gain residence. When I called the Swedish immigration authorities (Migrationsverket) to verify this, their press person acknowledged that not many asylum seekers are working, but indicated that only few asylum seekers make use of the temporary work permits in the first place. The EU refused to activate the Temporary Protection Directive in 2015, incentivized other nations to thwart the flow of refugees, and neglected to discipline border patrol agents who violated the rights of asylum seekers. Furthermore, semantics matter. Tags: syria, refugees, eu, migration policy, Germany, chancellor angela merkel. Rather than bringing people to safety via transit centers and, ultimately, to countries including the United States, these flights are sending vulnerable migrants and asylum-seekers back to danger returning them to the very places theyre fleeing. Most are Ukrainians, but some are students . Diplomas and qualifications have to be recognized by the national labor system, which depending on the level of education can take years. Refugees, defined by international humanitarian law as people in need of protection, are entitled to a privileged status. According to new research, many asylum seekers experience discrimination on the Swedish labor market. NPR's Andrew Limbong has more. Help fund the NPR Illinois mission to inform the community by securing business sponsorships. The majority of Afghans evacuated to the U.S. arrive without visas as humanitarian parolees, yet have been welcomed in the U.S. symbolic and realistic). foreigners). RANA KHOURY: We certainly do see it play out in terms of the politics of refugee reception in the idea of whose burden should it be to take refugees who are from the global South, the Middle East, Africa, versus, you know, who is welcome and who can be brought in here. "But instead, it really is night and day if we talk about the programs for Afghanistan's refugees.". While refugees are humanitarian subjects primarily seeking protection, migrants are economic subjects, seeking better lives. She says that's a pretty good sign of civilization. Second, under the EUs temporary protection directive, any Ukrainian national who flees as a result of the invasion, plus his or her partners and children of any nationality, may receive permission to stay in any EU country for one year; previously, a Ukrainian passport permitted visa-free entry into the EU for only up to 90 days. Giulia McPherson is the director of advocacy and operations at Jesuit Refugee Service/USA. As Al-Younes noted, who wants to hire an asylum seeker still at risk of deportation, since their application hasnt been accepted yet? Ukrainians enjoy more lenient entry requirements, refugee reception centers offering essentials, easier travel within the EU, and free public transportation and phone services. ANDREW LIMBONG, BYLINE: On Friday, CBS News senior foreign correspondent Charlie D'Agata framed the fighting in Kyiv like this. Both direct and indirect threats were related to unfavorable attitudes toward refugees, so there may be a bidirectional relationship between peoples attitudes and their perception of threat: The perception of threat gives rise to negative attitudes toward outsiders, and negative attitudes also cause greater threat perception. D'AGATA: What I'd hoped to convey is that what's unique about the fighting underway here is that this country has not really seen the scale of war in recent years, unlike some LIMBONG: But it wasn't just CBS. Assistant Professor Farzana Saleem on how to mitigate the toll racial stressors take on kids mental health. To receive Stanford news daily, Among those were27.1 million refugees, half under the age of 18 (21.3 million refugees under . Unlike Ukraine, the Assad regime in Syria was authoritarian, corrupt, and violent. Lest we forget, barrel bombs are not the only threat to life. All rights reserved. Only a very small number of asylum seekers arrive in New Zealand each year - and fewer than half of them are successful in their claims for refugee status. Furthermore, it is important to help the public understand immigrants do not have to give up the core of their identity (in terms of cultures and traditions) to be able to follow the law, find jobs, contribute to society, and make friends with people of the host country. During the 2015 refugee "crisis," the EU called for detaining arriving refugees for up to 18 months. In fixating on distinguishing the two, politicians tend to miss the benefits that integrating both refugees and migrants into the labor market could have on the national economy. Masses of refugees from Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Somalia, Yemen, and elsewhere have faced racially motivated hostility in. Defying Dictatorships: An Interview with Garry Kasparov, On Atlantic Alliances and Autocrats: An Interview with Jeanne Shaheen. But we could see White people going through. A Nigerian student added, Theyre pushing us back just because were Black!Were all humanThey should not discriminate against us because of the colour of our skin. Racism against POC fleeing Ukraine exposes differential treatment even among refugees fleeing the same conflict, suggesting that European solidarity is skin-deep. She said she told U.S. officers that she was a victim of violence in her home country and requested asylum at the U.S. border. Data collected from three IPL projects shows that Muslim immigrants and refugees face higher levels of discrimination in Europe than those with a Christian heritage. Refugee The United Nations High Commission on Refugees (UNHCR) defines refugees as those who have fled from conflict and persecution to seek protection in another country. That's less likely to be true for people who decide to leave in the coming weeks, said Steve. In The Telegraph, Daniel Hannan wrote an article about Ukraine that led, they seem so like us. Why are some refugees treated differently than others? For example, Orbn seeks to establish a Christian democracy in Hungary, and he has stated that Christian and Muslim society will never unite. This potent anti-Muslim, Christian supremacy rhetoric explains why Hungary welcomes Christian Ukrainians and rejects Muslim refugees from Africa and the Middle East. The way we talk about conflicts can impact those who are already most directly affected by war, refugees. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR. NPR's Andrew Limbong has more. Islamophobia also underlies the assumption that Middle Eastern refugees are violent terroristsa sentiment echoed in Petkovs speech and Orbns comments that Muslim asylum seekers are Muslim invaders, accepting Middle Eastern migrants is importing terrorism, and all the terrorists are basically migrants. This assumption is a blatant fallacy of composition not applied to whites. One of the many things that Russian President Vladimir Putin did not expect when he launched his gratuitously stupid invasion of Ukraine was international resolve. Furthermore, according to Hanne Beirens, Migration Policy Institute think tank director, the prioritization of Ukrainian refugees restricts the resources available to other refugees, such as housing and language courses; this inequality creates a two-tiered system of refugee integration. The findings could help inform long-term wildfire and ecosystem management in these zombie forests.. I need ammunition, not a ride from the war-torn streets of Kyiv, Zelensky has become a vocal, defiant defender of democracy and civil liberties, while Putin has trampled Russians freedoms, invaded a sovereign nation, and authorized countless war crimes in Ukraine. attempting to cross the Syria-Turkey borderis only the latest stark example of Turkeys inability to protect incoming migrants. While this study indicates anti-Muslim bias among government officials, a similar 2016 study suggests that regular citizens exhibit similar tendencies. A recent report by Human Rights First documented at least 6,356 reports of kidnappings and attacks on asylum-seekers and migrants after they were turned away from the U.S. under Title 42. Six threat types emerged from the analysis of the responses:1. NPR's Andrew Limbong has more. In 2016, Hungarian leader Viktor Orbn described migration as a poison, yet he recently exclaimed that Ukrainians are welcomed by friends in Hungary. EU nationseven those with notorious anti-migrant sentimentshave opened their arms and borders to Ukrainian refugees with unprecedented generosity. We want to hear what you THINK. CHARLIE D'AGATA: You know, this is a relatively civilized, relatively European - I have to choose those words carefully, too - city where you wouldn't expect that LIMBONG: The phrasing rankled enough people that he issued a clarifying apology a day later. You know, looking and seeing why African migrants aren't allowed to cross into Hungary is just as valid as just asking why Ukrainians are. Does a Dog's Head Shape Predict How Smart It Is? 2016. For example, Ukrainians and Poles are fast-tracked across the border near Medyka, Poland, while everyone else must wait 14 to 50 hours to cross. An additional . In a strategic attempt to halt irregular migration while maintaining her principle of a generous domestic asylum policy, Merkel has facilitated an EU agreement with Turkey. A new report released by The Guardian shows the recent massive migration inflow to Germany has had a positive impact on the GDP, as the population growth among the working age has increased while unemployment has decreased. Andrew Limbong is a reporter for NPR's Arts Desk, where he does pieces on anything remotely related to arts or culture, from streamers looking for mental health on Twitch to Britney Spears' fight over her conservatorship. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. Treatment of Haitians at the border in Texas exposes double standard toward refugees These asylum-seekers should be welcomed just like Afghans are being welcomed. The U.S. government has committed to resettle tens of thousands of Afghan and Ukrainian refugees. Moving forward, these new policies and attitudes towards people seeking refuge should be the norm . She is interested in comparative politics, immigration law, and German. Asked whether she recognised a difference in the treatment of refugees between 2015 and 2022, Frederiksen replied "yes, it is (different), because Ukraine is our region". CHARLIE D'AGATA: You know, this is a relatively civilized, relatively European - I have to choose those words carefully, too - city where you wouldn't expect that LIMBONG: The phrasing rankled enough people that he issued a clarifying apology a day later. Unlike Ukrainians, they must apply for asylum and wait for approval before seeking jobs. Central American and Mexican refugees ask why they aren't being treated at the same level as . The United Nations refugee agency has expressed concern over these expulsion flights, noting that those impacted are being sent back to the very dangers they have fled in their countries of origin. Indeed, these asylum-seekers should instead be welcomed just like Afghans are being welcomed all refugees deserve protection, not just our allies. The consequences are devastating, as reports of violence and insecurity in their countries of origin, along transit routes and in Mexico abound. The massive migration flow to the north has produced a war of semantics: Are the new arrivals refugees or migrants? Explosives and debris must be cleared from areas that have been retaken so that water and electric services can be restored. Refugee Health: From the Public Health Perspective. Addie Esposito is a staff writer and Senior Editor at the HIR. It took a heroic act at great political cost by German Chancellor Angela Merkel for Germany to take responsibility for many of these asylum seekers. The European Parliament stresses in a report that even though Sweden offers low working restrictions for asylees, their labor market is inflexible and poorly adaptable to employees with different skills. Why Are So Many Young Men Single And Sexless? Asylum-seekers must not be forced back to the trauma and violence that theyre so desperately fleeing. The Century Foundation. Stanford University. More than half - nearly 548,000 - have fled to Poland which shares a 500km border with Ukraine. While EU members bicker over how to define, manage, and ultimately dispose of their new work-eager guests, asylum seekers themselves are finding innovative ways to avoid the system and gain access to the labor market so they can accomplish what they came for: Continue their life as best they can, even if on temporary grounds. The 2014-15 asylees from Syria and North Africa were mostly Muslim and faced higher degrees of discrimination than will the Ukrainians, who are largely of Christian heritage. The other hundreds, or perhaps thousands, of girls and young women who survived the journey are still in Kakuma Refugee Camp. Accuracy and availability may vary. Anna is from Denmark and can speak five languages. Public policy in the EU and discussions of Dublin Convention reform have been marred by misunderstandings. Syrian Palestinians have always been treated differently to their Syrian counterparts; whereas Turkish authorities have given Syrian refugees a "temporary protection" status using a specific regulation (which has become increasingly precarious over time), Palestinians (including Syrian Palestinians) have had to apply for visas to enter and stay . For instance, do you worry about foreigners spreading diseases, committing violence, or taking away jobs and depressing wages? (2019). (Washington, DC) - The US deployment of border agents on horseback against Haitian migrants on September 19, 2021, stems from abusive and racially discriminatory immigration policies by the. Refugee implies involuntary exodus, while migrant refers more to voluntary movement; therefore, the use of the latter undermines non-Ukrainian refugees requests for asylum. Several studies suggest the increase of an active work force will benefit the EUs GDP. As of March 4, Canada has only resettled 8,580 of . In a survey of almost 20,000 Europeans across 15 countries in 2016, my IPL colleagues found a strong anti-Muslim bias. Zelensky is part of a community of Jews in Ukraine, some 200,000 strong, with historical and cultural ties to Israel, based on a long legacy of anti-Jewish pogroms and persecution in the country . Unfortunately, extremists and right-wing politicians alike have used the sensitive political climate to strike fear and tensions. The impact of racism on refugee treatment is evident in how African, Middle Eastern, and Asian refugees fleeing Ukraine are treated. The authoritative record of NPRs programming is the audio record. HIRING! In the wall-to-wall coverage of the crisis in Ukraine, a certain pattern has sometimes emerged that positions Ukrainians as different from other victims of conflict. KESHAVARZ: So as journalists, I think it's really critical that we look at that duality, and we question why that is. This led to a disorganized and desperate re-migration throughout Europe, with refugees under continued fear of being repatriated. Although the Refugee Act of 1980 set an annual limit on refugee admissions, the law also authorized the President of the United . Germany, for example, has suffered fromzero population growth for years and is in acute need of young, able-bodied workers to feed its massive industrial economy. The U.S. response to both crises should be guided by international law, our moral obligations and our history. The Century Foundation takes your data security and privacy seriously. Even though refugees are always victims of conflict, the civil war in Syria is more difficult to fit into this binary of right versus wrong, which may affect the EUs perceived political expediency of aiding Syrian refugees. . While not able to help everyone, the U.S. ensured that more than 123,000 people were safely flown out of Afghanistan and has already accepted 64,000 evacuees. Al Jazeera journalist Virginia Pietromarchi notes, Bloody conflicts in Syria, Somalia, and other places have not received the wide-reaching international media coverageor urgent international government actionthat the invasion of Ukraine has inspired." The way we talk about conflicts can impact those who are already most directly affected by war, refugees. LIMBONG: Keshavarz points to Poland accepting Ukrainian refugees when not that long ago, the country was telling scores of Afghans, Syrians and Iraqis, no, the country's full. European Journal of Social Psychology, 49(7), 1401-1420. And the results again showed support for the six threat types. Currently, Ukrainians benefit from the unprecedented implementation of the Temporary Protection Directive, which allows Ukrainian refugees to reside, seek employment, and attend school in the EU for three years, no official asylum approval necessary. Laitin is the James T. Watkins IV and Elise V. Watkins Professor in the School of Humanities and Sciences and is a faculty co-director of the Stanford Immigration Policy Lab, which designs and evaluates immigration and integration policies and programs. Many refugees are coming from northern Africa and the Middle East, with roughly 50 percent of the population of Syria seeking refuge from war. : 'Labours Shadow Home Secretary Yvette Cooper struggles to justify why refugees fleeing war in Ukraine should be treated differently to refugees fleeing war in Afghanistan. Although Article 3 of the 1951 Refugee Convention states that nations shall apply the provisions of this Convention to refugees without discrimination as to race, religion or country of origin, white, Christian, Ukrainian refugees receive preferential treatment in the EU. Former German Chancellor Angela Merkelwidely hailed as a champion of refugee rightsfunded Turkeys refugee camps so that President Erdoan would hinder the passage of refugees into Greece, an EU member. Its an undertaking thats demonstrated the ability of the U.S. government to bring tens of thousands of refugees to safety in America and marshal local resources to help them resettle in their new home. Media outlets therefore play a decisive role in how Europeans view asylum seekers. Governments and civilians around the world have vocalized their support for Ukraine and opposition to Russia; therefore, the EU risks international backlash if it fails to absorb and aid millions of Ukrainian refugees. 90 RB 0022). Eastern Europe is treating Ukrainians better than Syrians and Afghansbut giving people the means to resist is the only way to prevent future crises. They want to work and maintain their dignity, not just be refugees, he explained to me over the phone earlier this week. What explains the difference? That convention requires the country that first registered an asylum seeker to administer the application and provide housing. Once granted refugee status in a host country, the state cant deport them. MAHDIS KESHAVARZ: I always kind of think this imagery of, like, this pearl clutch of being just aghast that something can happen in your backyard, where things are happening in other people's backyards all the time. It is not enough for them simply to stay alive. In the first of these investigations, they used a sample of 55 male and 121 female psychology students (average age of 32 years). But, as Katy Long argued in a policy brief for The Century Foundation, in the case of the United States, which accepted 69,900 refugees including a mere 2,192 Syrians last year, Western countries may be shooting themselves in the foot by outsourcing their migrant problem. The reasons for this difference. Since 9/11, far-right terrorists have killed more people in the United States than Islamic jihadists. The 2014-15 refugees had no such rights. After all, from . The Refugee Act of 1980 amended the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 and the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act, standardizing the process for admitting refugees into the United States. HERIKA MARTINEZ/AFP/Getty Images. In fact, research from the European Parliament shows that the latest migration inflow has not increased unemployment, but rather led to a growth in higher-wage jobs for native workers, as refugees and migrants primarily take over low-wage jobs. said. LIMBONG: Mahdis Keshavarz is a board member with the Arab and Middle Eastern Journalists Association, which put out a statement criticizing this framing, which Keshavarz says relies on old tropes. Here, Laitin discusses how the experience of Ukrainian refugees compares to those fleeing other conflicts and difficulties, such as those escaping civil war in Syria and economic hardship in North Africa. (Image credit: Michele Tantussi /Getty Images). Religion is a key factor influencing attitudes toward refugees. The Harbour Project charity said many Ukrainians received immediate refugee. The way the system is in place, most of the burden falls on groups like us, in terms of housing and transportation, says Chuevang Xiong, Director of Refugee Services at the International . The way we. Whether the threat is true or imagined, immigrants might be perceived as threatening in a number of ways. Snohomish County couple providing relief to Ukraine amid Russia conflict. The death of Alan Kurdi: one year on, compassion towards refugees fades: Toddler's death opened European hearts and policy towards refugees, but 12 months on those changes have proved temporary. Media coverage of the invasion is part of the reason. According to DR's calculations, the distance from Denmark's border with Germany to the Ukraine-Poland border is 1,270 kilometres, and to the Syria-Turkey border 3,760 . He has also done graduate work in clinical psychology and neuropsychology in U.S. Get the help you need from a therapist near youa FREE service from Psychology Today. Barbed political rhetoric both reflects and exacerbates these trends among Europeans. She holds an MA in Near Eastern Studies from New York University and will be a PhD candidate in social anthropology at Columbia University in the fall. Turkey, a crucial political ally in the region already overburdened with hosting almost three million Syrian refugees and managing a failing security sector, is not well-fit to host additional people.Sundays incidentwhen Turkish security guards shot and killed eleven Syrian refugees attempting to cross the Syria-Turkey borderis only the latest stark example of Turkeys inability to protect incoming migrants. Refugees, for instance, pose an economic threat because they need jobs, low-cost housing, access to health care, etc. Given its magnitude, the Ukraine crisis may prompt leaders to consider policies that cast a wider lens, Laitin said. All refugees deserve. How to Handle People Who Are Eternally Evasive, Mass Shooters and the Myth That Evil Is Obvious, Transforming Empathy Into Compassion: Why It Matters, No Dr. Spock for Black Parents: Lessons From Tyre Nichols, Research Shows Why Attractive People Are More Narcissistic. What is threatening about refugees? Landmann, H., Gaschler, R., & Rohmann, A. She says that's a pretty good sign of civilization. Are Zoomies a Sign of a Happy Dog or a Crazy Dog? Over the past decade, mostly in collaboration with his Stanford colleague James Fearon, Laitin has published several papers on ethnicity, ethnic cooperation, the sources of civil war and policies that work to settle civil wars. Why are refugees treated differently? Moreover, they were not permitted to work until their asylum application was approved. For example, the EUs asylum policy prioritizes Syrians over other nationalities, including Iraqis and Afghanis, even though they all face similar levels of violence in their home countries. Khoury, the researcher, says race plays a part in all of this but also proximity and geopolitics, too. The reality, however, is that "both people and states do treat different groups of refugees in different ways, according to where they come from; according to their own perceptions of those people . By securing business sponsorships refugee treatment is evident in how African, Middle Eastern and African refugees 2015! May prompt leaders to consider policies that cast a wider lens, Laitin said health,. Of this but also proximity and geopolitics, too which shares a 500km border with Ukraine for detaining refugees!, suggesting that European solidarity is skin-deep welcomes Christian Ukrainians and rejects Muslim refugees from Afghanistan Iraq... Jeanne Shaheen documented, some even infect themselves with deadly diseases to gain protection as HIV-positive patients thereby. Kasparov, on Atlantic Alliances and Autocrats: an Interview with Jeanne Shaheen Somalia Yemen. Host country, the choice presented to the Ukrainian refugee crisis senior Editor at the same as! Trauma and violence that theyre so desperately fleeing to leave in the United States Islamic! By war, refugees to both crises should be the norm attitudes toward refugees could... 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