Books Administration system; the Minoans, the best merchants of the Bronze Age had a bureaucratic system of lists, catalogs, and seals complicated enough but efficient. Weegy: Mycenaeans could pay their taxes in wheat, livestock, or honey. [83], Mycenaean palatial states, or centrally organized palace-operating polities, are recorded in ancient Greek literature and mythology (e.g., Iliad, Catalogue of Ships) and confirmed by discoveries made by modern archaeologists such as Heinrich Schliemann. They also made several architectural innovations, such as the relieving triangle. [58], In c. 1400 BC, Hittite records mention the military activities of an Ahhiyawan warlord, Attarsiya, possibly related to the mythic character of Atreus. [45][46] Thus the Mycenaeans became the dominant power of the region, marking the beginning of the Mycenaean 'Koine' era (from Greek: , common), a highly uniform culture that spread in mainland Greece and the Aegean. Some . These Ekwesh were mentioned as a group of the Sea People. It is not even clear what the relationship was between a single palace and its surrounding population as the former seems to have specialised in the manufacture of luxury goods and the latter in foodstuffs, some of which were then stored in the palace. These tend to be regarded as Cretan, as do the carved gemstones also found in elite graves. In Central Greece, Thebes and Orchomenos have been only partially exposed. . [85], The unearthed Linear B texts are too fragmentary for the reconstruction of the political landscape in Mycenaean Greece and they do not support nor deny the existence of a larger Mycenaean state. The largest city (although not a capital city in any sense) was Mycenae, built on an impressive citadel and hill over 278 metres (912 ft.) above sea level where there are remains of large 'palace' buildings and hundreds of tombs and shaft graves, including nine large stone tholos tombs (1600-1300 BCE). On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Early Mycenaean period (c. 17501400 BC): Postpalatial Bronze Age (c. 12001050 BC): The decipherment of the Mycenaean Linear B script, a writing system adapted for the use of the (Indo-European) Greek language of the Late Bronze Age,[14] demonstrated the continuity of Greek speech from the second millennium BC into the eighth century BC when a new Phoenician-derived alphabetic script emerged. Though they all spoke Greek, and worshipped the same gods, the Mycenaeans were separated into independent city-states, each with its own king. "[n]ote, however, that the Steppe-like ancestry observed in the Logkas individuals may have been brought directly by migrating populations originally from the Pontic-Caspian Steppe or indirectly by populations with substantial Steppe-like gene flow" (e.g., Late Bronze Age Balkans or European Late Neolithic Bronze Age). Nearby Orchomenos shared the same fate, while the Boeotian fortifications of Gla were deserted. [23] Another similar ethnonym, Ekwesh, in twelfth century BC Egyptian inscriptions has been commonly identified with the Ahhiyawans. Architecture, art and religious practices were assimilated and adapted to better express the perhaps more militaristic and austere Mycenaean culture. [126], Poseidon (Linear B: Po-se-da-o) seems to have occupied a place of privilege. [213] The Linear B script was utilized by the Mycenaean palaces in Greece for administrative purposes where economic transactions were recorded on clay tablets and some pottery in the Mycenaean dialect of the Greek language. D: salt 2 See answers Advertisement beberlynconfesor Wheat,livestock, or honey Advertisement mpaulk2025 Answer: C I hope this helps :D Explanation: Advertisement Advertisement The Delian League began as an alliance to answer choices protect the Greeks from the Persians make Athens rich make trade more profitable build faster ships Question 9 30 seconds Q. [19] There is an isolated reference to a-ka-wi-ja-de in the Linear B records in Knossos, Crete dated to c. 1400 BC, which presumably refers to a Mycenaean (Achaean) state on the Greek mainland. Danaya has been equated with the ethnonym Danaoi (Greek: ), the name of the mythical dynasty that ruled in the region of Argos, also used as an ethnonym for the Greek people by Homer. [67] In the Peloponnese, a number of buildings surrounding the citadel of Mycenae were attacked and burned. [107][113] Trade with Troy is also well attested, while Mycenaean trade routes expanded further to the Bosphorus and the shores of the Black Sea. This is corroborated by sequenced genomes of Middle Bronze Age individuals from northern Greece, who had a much higher proportion of steppe-related ancestry; the timing of this gene flow was estimated at 2,300 BCE, and is consistent with the dominant linguistic theories explaining the emergence of the Proto-Greek language. 0. 500 Spartans differed from the rest of the Greeks in that For example, it is very unlikely that the way people build their homes could cause the advancement of glaciers. A simple tax return is one that's filed using IRS Form 1040 only, without having to attach any forms or schedules. [82] The period following the end of Mycenaean Greece, c. 1100800 BC, is generally termed the "Greek Dark Ages". https://www.worldhistory.org/Mycenaean_Civilization/. Free shipping for many products! [2] In a 2017 genetic study conducted by Lazaridis et al., "the Minoans and Mycenaeans were genetically similar, [but] the Mycenaeans differed from Minoans in deriving additional ancestry from an ultimate source related to the huntergatherers of eastern Europe and Siberia, introduced via a proximal source related to the inhabitants of either the Eurasian steppe or Armenia. Q. Mycenaeans could pay their taxes in answer choices Athenian coins Paper money wheat, livestock, or honey salt Question 8 30 seconds Q. [162] Mycenaean Greeks in general appreciated the symbolism of war as expressed in defensive architecture, reflected by the visual impressiveness of their fortifications. Inhabitants of these settlements supported themselves primarily through subsistence farming and the cultivation of domesticated animal products, or by hunting. The Mycenaean Megaron was the precursor for the later Archaic and Classical temples of the Greek world and consisted of an entrance porch, a vestibule, and the hall itself. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. Fragments of wall paintings have been found in or around the palaces (Pylos, Mycenae, Tiryns) and in domestic contexts (Zygouries). Bite Sized Ancient History - The Mycenaeans, The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean. "[2] However, Lazaridis et al. It is clear that burial was an important ritual as evidenced by the presence of monumental tholos tombs, prominent gravesites and the quantity of precious objects which were buried with the dead - golden masks, diadems, jewellery, and ceremonial swords and daggers. [1] The transition period from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age in Greece is known as Sub-Mycenaean (c. 10501000 BC). [50] Apart from the archaeological evidence, this is also attested in Hittite records, which indicate that Miletos (Milawata in Hittite) was the most important base for Mycenaean activity in Asia Minor. b. paper money. The majority of these figurines are female and anthropomorphic or zoomorphic. [200] The earliest Mycenaean burials were mostly in individual graves in the form of a pit or a stone-lined cist and offerings were limited to pottery and occasional items of jewellery. 15 questions (identify and multiple choice) assess students' understanding. c. wheat, livestock, or honey. [224] Several Mycenaean attributes and achievements were borrowed or held in high regard in later periods, so it would be no exaggeration to consider Mycenaean Greece as a cradle of civilization. The observed uniformity in domestic architecture came probably as a result of a shared past among the communities of the Greek mainland rather than as a consequence of cultural expansion of the Mycenaean Koine. Mycenaeans could pay their taxes in a. Athenian coins. Knossos in Crete also became a Mycenaean center, where the former Minoan complex underwent a number of adjustments, including the addition of a throne room. The Mycenaean civilization was in general more advanced compared to the Late Bronze Age cultures of the rest of Europe. [90] The wanax oversaw virtually all aspects of palatial life, from religious feasting and offerings to the distribution of goods, craftsmen and troops. The business structure you choose when starting a business will determine what taxes you'll pay and how you pay them. File them and pay any tax liability you owe. [71] Another contemporary Hittite account reports that Ahhiyawan ships should avoid Assyrian-controlled harbors, as part of a trade embargo imposed on Assyria. The reasons for the demise of the Mycenaean civilization, which occurred in stages from c. 1230 BCE to c. 1100 BCE, are much debated. As for stemmed cups (or kylikes), they evolved from Ephyraean goblets and a large quantity was discovered at a site called the "Potter's Shop" located in Zygouries. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. They are named after their chief city of Mycenae in the Argolid of the northeast Peloponnese. It was also the throne room of the ruler or wanax. It is also known from several depictions in contemporary art in Greece and the Mediterranean. Together with payroll taxes (used to fund social programs like Social . The uniformity of Mycenaean religion is also reflected in archaeological evidence with the phi- and psi-figurines that have been found all over Late Bronze Age Greece. The Mycenaeans pay their taxes by wheat, livestock, and honey. Key-bearers appear to be women who had authority over the sacred treasury of a particular deity, and were able to dispense it in times of need. [42][43][44] This turn of events gave the opportunity to the Mycenaeans to spread their influence throughout the Aegean. "[213] The written records of every Mycenaean region were similar but the scribes sometimes used words that were probably part of their local dialect. Pay ills. Acompanhe-nos: can gabapentin help with bell's palsy Facebook [51] Mycenaean presence also reached the adjacent sites of Iasus and Ephesus. [208] The most impressive tombs of the Mycenaean era are the monumental royal tombs of Mycenae, undoubtedly intended for the royal family of the city. IRS agents have questioned her a couple of times, most recently in 2009, saying she owed $40,000 in back taxes. [133], A collection of "ladies" or "mistresses", Po-ti-ni-ja (Potnia) are named in the Mycenaean scripts. This will help you file your taxes accurately and make payments on time. [183] During the Late Mycenaean period, smaller types of shields were adopted, either of completely circular shape, or almost circular with a part cut out from their lower edge. Situations covered (assuming no added tax complexity): W-2 income Limited interest and dividend income reported on a 1099-INT or 1099-DIV IRS standard deduction Earned Income Tax Credit (EIC) We do know that several sites were destroyed between 1250 and 1200 BCE, ushering in the so-called Post-Palatial period when the centralised system of palace control declined. The Mycenaean era saw the zenith of infrastructure engineering in Greece, and this appears not to have been limited to the Argive plain. b. paper money. d. salt. Ancient Greece Minoans and Mycenaeans Reading Comprehension Worksheet Greek by Teaching to the Middle 23 $1.50 Zip This passage describes Minoans and Mycenaeans. Payroll taxes are withheld from an employee's paycheck by an employer, who remits the amount to the federal government to fund Medicare and Social Security programs. [99] The archives of Pylos display a specialized workforce, where each worker belonged to a precise category and was assigned to a specific task in the stages of production, notably in textiles. [90], In general, Mycenaean society appears to have been divided into two groups of free men: the king's entourage, who conducted administrative duties at the palace, and the people, da-mo. Mycenaeans could pay their taxes in a. Athenian coins. The Mycenaean civilization would so inspire the later Archaic and Classical Greeks from the 8th century BCE onwards that the Bronze Age period came to be seen as a golden one when people respected the gods, warriors were braver and life was generally less complicated and more decent. [156] In general Mycenaean palaces have yielded a wealth of artifacts and fragmentary frescoes. [223], There are scholars who identify the Sea Peoples who migrated to the Near East as Mycenaean Greeks. [198] The largest complete wall painting depicting three female figures, probably goddesses, was found in the so-called "cult center" at Mycenae. The Psi-type looks like the letter Psi (these have outstretched upraised arms). [120] Mycenaean bronze double axes and other objects dating from the 13th century BC have been found in Ireland and in Wessex and Cornwall in England. [88], The Neolithic agrarian village (6000 BC) constituted the foundation of Bronze Age political culture in Greece. The two most common theories are population movement and internal conflict. [90], The Mycenaean economy, given its pre-monetary nature, was focused on the redistribution of goods, commodities and labor by a central administration. In 2010, $12 billion more was collected from Social Security payroll taxes of . Next to the deceased were found full sets of weapons, ornate staffs as well as gold and silver cups and other valuable objects which point to their social rank. compensatory picks . [79] A new type of ceramic also appeared, called "Barbarian Ware" because it was attributed to invaders from the north. The Mycenaean civilization flourished in the Late Bronze Age (c. 1700-1100 BCE), peaking from the 15th to the 13th century BCE. [34], Meanwhile, new types of burials and more imposing ones have been unearthed, which display a great variety of luxurious objects. [186] The Theseus Ring, found in Athens, is one of the finest of a number of gold signet rings with tiny multi-figure scenes of high quality, many from the princely Grave Circles A and B at Mycenae. make trade more profitable. The statuary of the period consists for the most part of small terracotta figurines found at almost every Mycenaean site in mainland Greecein tombs, in settlement debris, and occasionally in cult contexts (Tiryns, Agios Konstantinos on Methana). Some scenes may be part of mythological narratives, but if so their meaning eludes us. Their culture was dependent on that of the Minoans of Crete, who for a time politically dominated them. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Helen of Troy: Goddess, Princess, Whore by , hardcover at the best online prices at eBay! [191] A few examples of vessels in faience and ivory are also known.[192]. [151] Some scholars believe that Knossos was probably more equal in relation to gender than Pylos, though the evidence for this is little and is highly disputed. : Po-se-da-o ) seems to have been only partially exposed have yielded a wealth of artifacts fragmentary! 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