From the early 1990s, researchers have produced seminal texts and/or journal articles about various dimensions of Indigenous tourism (see Altman & Finlayson, Citation1993; Bunten & Graburn, Citation2009; Butler & Hinch, 1996; Notzke, Citation1999, Citation2004; Ryan & Aicken, Citation2005; Smith, Citation1989, Citation1996; Smith & Brent, Citation2001; Smith & Richards, Citation2013; Sofield, Citation1993; Zeppel, Citation2006). The paper also touches on issues raised in Shultis and Heffner's work on integrating Indigenous values in conservation management by examining how interpretation can convey Indigenous values. Without proper management, heritage tourism can lead to a lack of understanding and appreciation of the culture and heritage of the place within the wider community as a result of inadequate or inappropriate presentation; it can diminish the protection and conservation of cultural heritage overtime without the adequate integration of cultural Other contributions to the special issue include discursive papers which seek to engage readers to think deeply about theoretical and practical issues facing Indigenous communities and many of the papers provide solutions for Indigenous tourism planning, for instance by testing methodologies for collaborative research with Indigenous communities. ABTA launches new sustainability advice to members, New guidelines to measure the value of tourism in protected areas, How to build forward better: Interview with Ellen Walker-Matthews from the Thompson Okanagan Tourism Association, How the circular economy can build resilience in small island destinations. In general,the best toursare the ones where small groups or individuals go with the intention to stay in village overnight, as it generates the most sustainable income. Sustainable tourism news, opinion, resources, Gourmet meals for the homeless: Food for Soul opens its new Refettorio in Paris, Proyecto Ecos del Camino: turismo sostenible en Amrica Latina, VisitBritain launches multi-million pound campaign inspiring visitors to See Things Differently, ATTA Tour Operator Scholarship Program Offers Small Companies a Chance to Grow Their Business, Tourism can offer us hope: Bosnia and Herzegovinas staggering scenery and beautiful towns. Tourism in Indigenous areas, especially rural Indigenous areas can produce undesirable impacts such as pollution, littering, damage to the natural environment and degradation of local ecological habitats. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. The previous paper's approach to product development is community (supply) driven but an understanding of market demand is also a necessity. On the other hand, some argue thatethnic tourism has helped foster greater awareness of indigenous people, many of whom face oppression, forced land relocation, and challenges to social and economic integration. 16. The paper further contributes a discussion on parks as leisure landscapes (rather than living, working places) and culture/nature dualism by reflecting on four years of community participant observations in Tombstone Territorial Park, a co-managed protected area established as part of the Tr'ondk Hwch'in Final Agreement. Tourism can often cause environmental damage due to risks such as erosion, pollution, loss of natural habitats, and forest fires. For instance, anthropologists and sociologists were amongst the earliest academics to explore a range of theoretical dimensions of Indigenous cultures such as identity, empowerment and authenticity. Despite the efforts, the culture divide between Aboriginal peoples and non-Indigenous Australians is not easy to bridge. Not only is the research undertaken in collaboration with the Lutsel K'e Dene First Nation, they are further empowered by participating in the process of academic publication of the research. There are many obstacles such as lack of land tenure, difficulties in raising finance, the design of tourist itineraries, and a lack of market profile and market skills that have undermined and. Tourism development can reduce the economic disadvantages of indigenous tribes; however, it is also reproached for the destruction of local culture. The influx of tourists has also allowed for traditionaltribal arts and handicraftsto flourish, which often means an additional or the only source of income for the community. Whyte asks: "what environmental justice framework should we use to evaluate these practices?" (2010, p.75). It explores new approaches to integrate traditional ecological knowledge and cultural values that can inform decision-makers and protected area managers planning the conservation of biological diversity. The paper by Holmes etal. The authors express the need to be culturally and politically aware and utilizing cautious approaches when collaborating with communities to ensure that planning, (including their own adaptation of CBT and PRA within a Papua New Guinea context) is not merely adopting the latest trend or using development buzzwords. Indigenous tourism, underpinned by the principles of sustainable development, arguably provides opportunities to realize unique, often innovative, developments or management approaches that can be very beneficial to Indigenous peoples. Building on Figueroa's (2010, p.75) work, he urges a move away from . These researchers explored issues around economic prosperity, tensions associated with the marketing of culture, enhancement of the socio-economic well-being of Indigenous peoples and challenges within the broader contexts of environmental, economic social and cultural sustainability when pursuing sustainable livelihoods. The first key observation from the special issue is that tourism is only one tool to realize sustainable Indigenous (and also community) development, including Indigenous control over resources. Co-founder of Rooms for Change - hotel booking for those who care. For instance, the papers overall, recognize that tourism can (and does) provide a positive development stage for indigeneity. The Indigenous tourism focus of the 16 papers in this special issue provides readers with an opportunity to explore the dynamics behind an array of issues pertaining to sustainable Indigenous tourism. The paper suggests the internet is not only a cost-effective means to access the marketplace of travelers from near and afar, it also provides the opportunity for Indigenous peoples to adopt the use of social media, which then empowers those Indigenous peoples as they directly manage visitor satisfaction and brands via online communication. Additionally, there is discussion focusing on the impetus for developing Indigenous tourism ventures, which is usually based on tourism's ability to create employment, often in non-urban locations where other employment opportunities are limited. Visitors come hoping for the perfect photo opportunity rather than true cultural immersion. It's not just the wildlife that benefits from ecotourism The local economy does too. However, while the first paper (Holmes etal., Citation2016) describes a cultural group who are empowered, the following paper by Hillmer-Pegram (Citation2016) exposes a situation where local Indigenous peoples were being disempowered by the colonial processes of cruise tourism. To See Or Not To See The Impact of Indigenous Tourism. It was found that a marked difference occurred within the representation of Aboriginal culture between the regions. 21 May 2021. Importantly, the research was Indigenous driven and guided by a Lutsel K'e research coordinator and this was integral to the research process and outcomes. For instance, the latter advocates Indigenous peoples have the right to maintain, control, protect and develop their cultural heritage, traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions, as well as the manifestations of their sciences, technologies and cultures, including human and genetic resources, seeds, medicines, knowledge of the properties of fauna and flora, oral traditions, literatures, designs, sports and traditional games and visual and performing arts. Reggers etal. The paper also advances the use of netnography, a relatively new methodological approach within Indigenous tourism studies, and its potential as an operational tool for Indigenous businesses. Integrating Indigenous values with capitalism through tourism: Alaskan experiences and outstanding issues, Integrating the third way and third space approaches in a post-colonial world: marketing strategies for the business sustainability of community-based tourism enterprises in Vietnam, Issues in measuring success in community-based Indigenous tourism: elites, kin groups, social capital, gender dynamics and income flows, Mountain Places, Cultural Spaces: The Interpretation of Culturally Significant Landscapes, Moving beyond sense of place to care of place: the role of Indigenous values and interpretation in promoting transformative change in tourists' place images and personal values, Sustainability and nature-based mass tourism: lessons from China's approach to the Huangshan Scenic Park, Sustaining local language relationships through indigenous community-based tourism initiatives, Sustaining spirit: a review and analysis of an urban Indigenous Australian cultural festival, The role of self-gentrification in sustainable tourism: Indigenous entrepreneurship at Honghe Hani Rice Terraces World Heritage Site, China, Tourism and the Smi in transition : a discourse analysis of Swedish newspapers from 1982 to 2015. Tribal tourism can have a lot of positive effects. Criticsdescribe some tribal village visits as human zoos, where the subjects are essentially trapped in their villages, compelled to wear traditional clothing and smile for photos. Examples of the negative impacts of tourism upon indigenous peoples are numerous throughout history and continue largely unabated today. Research on Indigenous tourism and its intangible heritage, and the testing of new techniques, could bring benefits to many other forms of tourism. A huge disadvantage to tourism in some countries is that when the tourism industry is doing well, the country neglects to build upon its other sectors. They may have common origins other than kinship, such as nationality or socially shared individual constructions of their ethnic identity (Stone, Citation2003). Ironically, the longer we take it for granted the more the sought-after authenticity vanishes, and with it precious heritage. The increase in ethnic tourism has been enormous. We won't send you spam. Using mixed methods, Higgins-Desbiolles utilized the findings to critique first, from a praxis perspective, the role of festivals as a means for Indigenous entrepreneurship and development, and second to theoretically explore the Getz paradigm and its validity within an Indigenous context in a neoliberal era. So many key issues are involved. The Disadvantages of Tourism Environmental. callback: cb Finally, we have long-term aspirations that research by, or in collaboration with, Indigenous researchers appear more frequently in publications. But there is also a reverse side to that discussion. And for those that are struggling to maintain their livelihoods and traditions, it's also a way of educating others about . between Indigenous tourism and the concepts and practices of sustainable tourism, before reviewing the 16 other papers in this special issue. Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? Often they have even neglected their farming traditions and unemployment rates among them can be as high as 90%. Whale shark viewing at Oslob, a popular tourism site in the Philippines, is facilitated by hand-feeding the animals with shrimp. One of the study regions in particular presented traditional, frozen stereotypes of the culture by marketing a destination image that was constructed primarily through a gaze of whiteness. Additionally, it examines the complex and continually evolving relationship between Indigenous tourism and the concepts and practices of sustainable tourism, before reviewing the 16 other papers in this special issue. Chiapas is a state that is inhabited by over one million Indigenous people, mostly living in poverty. Ethnic tourism has fosteredgreater awareness of indigenous people many of whom face oppression. The first main paper by Whitford and Ruhanen (Citation2016), sets the scene for the following contributions through an analysis of Indigenous tourism research published in 153 journals over a 35 year period from a variety of disciplines including anthropology, geography and tourism, among others. A sacred site to the natives,climbing the rock of Uluru violates their culture and spiritual beliefs. The final paper, Abascal etal. Thesehomestaysare a truecultural immersionand quite likely an experience of a lifetime. Whitney-Squire (Citation2016) presents a collaborative study that was undertaken with the Haida First Nation people of Haida Gwaii in British Columbia, Canada. In Australias Northern Territory, indigenous operatorWuddi Cultural Toursaims to keep the local Aboriginal culture alive,and to pass on knowledge to the next generation through custom built tours to experience the local area and connect the sites and artefacts to the stories of their people. The researchers present a systematized approach for describing visitor's preferences and awareness of the available products including the influence of beliefs, desires and valuing of culture, enabling factors and causal history that affect visitor demand and participation in Indigenous tourism. A special feature of the issue is the research papers provide a long overdue balance to habitually biased media reports about communities of Indigenous peoples who are too often depicted in a negative light. } The Indigenous focus of the 16 papers in this issue provides an opportunity to explore the dynamics behind sustainable Indigenous tourism development. The secondary analysis is complimented by surveying researchers of Indigenous tourism. They conclude that best practice approaches to sustainable development are dependent on the local context and stress the need for broader, governing enablers (i.e. With over 5000 Indigenous groups worldwide, it is impossible for each group to be studied and presented in a focused collection, but readers should gain insights that will influence the sustainable development and management of Indigenous tourism products in urban, rural/remote, outdoor recreation and nature based tourism environments, whilst valuing cultural place values. Similarly meaningful encounter with the Karen people can be arranged with the help of Rickshaw Travel. In her study, Mkono adopted a passive lurker stance to analyze the experiences of visitors to four Australian Indigenous tourism experiences. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. } Their traditional dresses and products are on display for tourists but in reality their way of life is in a lot of cases long gone. In contrast, non-Indigenous people are recognized as not having the continual history of occupying land prior to colonization and could be migrants (with another cultural or ethnic ancestry) who have also been colonized, or the colonizers or descendants of colonizing settlers themselves. One example that shows the negative impacts of tourism brought about by government guidelines was that of Aboriginal land in Lake Condah, Victoria. policy and land tenure), opportunities for collaboration that empower Indigenous stakeholders and increased diversity within Indigenous tourism product development. Clearly, the debate is a complex one. The paper contributes a grounded, rather grim, insight into post-apartheid tourism settings where capitalistic, power-led structures require political and governmental change for equality to be realized in such Indigenous settings. (Citation2016), which utilizes site visits enabling participant observations, workshops with community leaders and stakeholder interviews, with these results triangulated with online visitor data. Viewing Australia through the eyes of a First Australian tour guide provides a new dimension of experience and understanding. Hillmer-Pegram's (Citation2016) paper explores tourism impacts (particularly the burgeoning cruise tourism sector), on the values of the Indigenous Iupiat people of Barrow, Alaska. Thirdly, this issue presents studies from areas previously under-represented in the literature, thus furthering the academic discussion about tourism and Indigenous peoples, while also bringing new authors research in the field together in a single volume. Their sincerest thanks and gratitude, however, must go to the champion of this special issue, Professor Bernard Lane, who has worked tirelessly behind the scenes. According to Hinch and Butler (Citation1996, p. 9), the umbrella term of Indigenous people is used to describe races of people who are endemic or native to a destination region as opposed to ethnic communities who may inhabit an area they have migrated to. On an overall level, much of the work on sustainable tourism, to date, has been concentrated on understanding and managing the impacts of tourism on the physical environment. In Western Australias Golden Outback town of Dumbleyung, indigenous operatorWuddi Cultural Tours aims to keep the local Aboriginal culture alive,and to pass on knowledge to the next generation through custom built tours to experience the local area and connect the sites and artefacts to the stories of their people. They too draw on research that is geographically situated in a North American context. Many countries with ancient ruins or natural attractions are also in danger of destruction or erosion with significant foot traffic and human interaction. Their culture suffers and they dont have time for their traditional life and costumes. This paper is written by the special issue's guest editors who, collectively, have over 50 years of experience in leading theoretical and applied Indigenous tourism Tour operators in Indias Andaman Islands are offering human safaris within the reserve of a recently-contacted Jarawa tribe, despitegovernment promisesto ban the practice. This study shows that the impacts arising from irresponsible and ignorant visitor behavior have been a key challenge for Indigenous communities. However, one major characteristic which distinguishes Indigenous peoples from ethnic peoples is that the former usually have shared experiences of being colonized, often being removed forcibly from their lands and denied access to natural, historical and cultural resources that can sustain their livelihoods via activities such as tourism. Its a well known travelers dilemma: participate in ethnic tourism and visit the tribes because they directly rely on it to sustain themselves, or not visiting in order to avoid further exploitation. Negative attitude towards the aboriginal from tourists is another issue, racism or too much photographing indigenous people (as wild toys) was complicated issue since the beginning of the tourism. Visitor perceptions and preferences for Indigenous experiences were assessed using photo-elicitation techniques and interviews at the Grampians and Halls Gap Visitor Information Centre. Several papers were longitudinal ethnographic studies spanning many years (Fletcher etal., Citation2016; Holmes etal., Citation2016; Pereiro, Citation2016; Reggers etal., Citation2016) whilst others were conducted as more focused analyses of products and visitor markets (Abascal, Fluker, & Jiang, Citation2016; Espeso-Molinero etal., Citation2016; Higgins-Desbiolles, Citation2016). Generally the best toursare the ones where visitors stay overnight, as it generates the most sustainable income. Tour operators in IndiasAndaman Islandsare offeringhuman safariswithin the reserve of a recently-contactedJarawatribe, despitegovernment promisesto ban the practice. South America is not alone in the struggle. Empowering Indigenous Communities to Drive Tourism's Recovery. Viewing Australia through the eyes of a First Australian tour guide provides a new dimension of experience and understanding. In the south of the country,100% Aboriginal-owned and operatedBookabeegoes beyondethnictours designed to give insight into Aboriginal Australian history and culture. The concerns arise also because in many cases Western visitors come hoping for the perfect photo opportunity rather than true cultural immersion and genuine engagement. Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below: If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. Other contributions present research that ranges from visitors experiences of Indigenous events (Higgins-Desbiolles, Citation2016) to reflections on how policy-makers or managers can influence the recognition of Indigenous cultural manifestations and values within tourism settings including protected natural areas (Hillmer-Pegram, Citation2016; Shultis & Heffner, Citation2016; Walker & Moscardo, Citation2016). No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Indigenous peoples and tourism: the chal . : Sustainable Tourism and Indigenous Peoples; Guest Editors: Anna Carr, Lisa Ruhanen & Michelle Whitford, Sustainable tourism and Indigenous peoples, The special value of Indigenous tourism for sustainable tourism studies, https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1193187, https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1189923, https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.193188, https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1173045, https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1149184, https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1182536, https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1158828, https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1158825, https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1177067, https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1189924, https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1145229, https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1182537, https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1158827, https://www.un.org/development/desa/Indigenouspeoples/declaration-on-the-rights-of-Indigenous-peoples.html, https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1177064, https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1189925, https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2015.1091466, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. While numerous scholars have provided us with a cache of definitions pertaining to what constitutes Indigenous, there is little doubt that academic debate on the issue will continue, even with the United Nation's Declaration being used for guidance because, as Indigenous academic Professor Linda Tuhiwai Smith explains, the term Indigenous is problematic: it appears to collectivise many distinct populations whose experiences under imperialism have been vastly different. . But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. She alerts readers to the culturally laden, multi-dimensionality of language and warns that whilst language can enhance or be central to tourism product development that revitalizes community culture, caution is needed to ensure language is not stripped of its meaning and thus used out of context. This led to the Lutsel K'e Dene First Nation developing an Indigenous informed code of conduct to guide visitor behavior. Not sure what makes a, Nature and outdoors lovers are spoilt for choice in the US Pacific Northwest. As researchers, the guest editors have worked collaboratively with Indigenous organizations including WINTA (World Indigenous Tourism Alliance), KUMA (Southern Mori Business Network Te Kupeka Umaka Mori Ki Araiteuru), Te Ana Whakairo (Ngai Tahu Mori Rock Art Trust) in New Zealand; and in Australia, the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders Studies, Torres Strait Regional Authority, Indigenous Business Australia and the Indigenous community organization, First Contact Inc. A combination of personal ancestry, respect for and empathy with Indigenous values provides the authors with an opportunity, both individually and collectively to continue to develop a passionate and continually evolving academic relationship with the complex, fluid and globally significant field of study identified as Indigenous tourism. Indigenous tourismistourism activity in which indigenous people are directly involved either through control and/or by having their culture serve as the essence of the attraction. Shultis and Hefner critique theoretical advances and models such as the study of cultural landscapes, socio-ecological systems (SES) and resilience theory, to identify barriers to Indigenous-led conservation, including worldviews that are exclusionary in that they do not take into account Indigenous ways of knowing. Subscribe to get our latest content by email. The non-profit hotel search for the traveler that wants to give back. Asnative peoples comprise only about 3% of the countrys total population, non-indigenous Australians can unintentionallyhave very little cultural awareness, not to mention interaction. } Identified impacts of Indigenous tourism included issues pertaining to acculturation and commodification of culture and thus increasingly, research focused on (among other things), mitigating these negative impacts and identifying ways to ensure tourists had the opportunity to have meaningful experiences of other cultures, in purer, simpler lifestyles (MacCannell, Citation1976, p. 8). { *We'll only send you worthwhile updates! (, Exploring outcomes of community-based tourism on the Kokoda Track, Papua New Guinea: A longitudinal study of participatory rural appraisal techniques, Community-based cultural tourism: Issues, threats and opportunities, Beyond whiteness: A comparative analysis of representations of aboriginality in tourism destination images in New South Wales, Australia, Hegemonic and emerging concepts of conservation: A critical examination of barriers to incorporating indigenous perspectives in protected area conservation policies and practice, Sustainable ethnic tourism in the South Pacific: Some principles, Indigenous peoples cultural opportunity spectrum for tourism (IPCOST), Tourism governance and sustainable national development in China: A macro-level synthesis, Brambuk living cultural centre: Indigenous culture and the production of place, Max weber on race, ethnicity and nationalism, Mori Tourism: A case study of managing indigenous cultural values, Moving beyond sense of place to care of place: The role of indigenous values and interpretation in promoting transformative change in tourists' place images and personal values, Indigenous tourism research, past and present: Where to from here. (Citation2016) undertook a longitudinal study (between 2004 and 2014), on the establishment of the Kokoda Trail in Papua New Guinea. The climb is not prohibited. The research methodology also follows the approach used by Holmes etal. However, with volumes of visitors increasing rapidly, issues have been raised about whether its ethical to visit the tribes and what consequences it bears for the preservation of the native lifestyles and traditions. Settler-colonial states such as . Higgins-Desbiolles (Citation2016) analyses an innovative setting of Indigenous festivals for the expression of Indigenous cultural identity. Reproached for the expression of Indigenous people, mostly living in poverty spiritual beliefs just the wildlife that benefits ecotourism... Driven but an understanding of market demand is also a necessity some of these cookies may have effect! Recently-Contactedjarawatribe, despitegovernment promisesto ban the practice by surveying researchers of Indigenous cultural identity cultural.. Previous paper 's approach to product development is community ( supply ) but... Reverse side to that discussion you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you gain. Economy does too Nation developing an Indigenous informed code of conduct to guide visitor behavior have been key! Erosion, pollution, loss of natural habitats, and with it precious heritage habitats, forest... Gain access to the natives, climbing the rock of Uluru violates their culture and... Quite likely an experience of a lifetime tourism has fosteredgreater awareness of Indigenous tourism the more the sought-after authenticity,! Her study, Mkono adopted a passive lurker stance to analyze the experiences of visitors to four Australian tourism. Viewing at Oslob, a popular tourism site in the US Pacific Northwest Francis account. 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