It should follow in-depth the experiences the learner has regardless of when or how they take place (Akinsola and Abe, 2006). Jackson, P. Some curriculum theorists have begun to criticize this paradigm of offering definitions. Hilda Taba (1962): All curricula, no matter what their particular design, are composed of certain elements. intended Definition, characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of the Role-playing method, What is open-book exam? the formal and informal content and process by which learners gain knowledge and understanding, develop skills, and alter attitudes, appreciations, and values under the auspices of that school., defines The curriculum is now generally considered to be all of the experiences that learners have under the auspices of the school.. According to Bestor, (1956) the curriculum must consist essentially of disciplined study in five great areas: 1) command of mother tongue and the systematic study of grammar, literature, and writing. Othanel Smith (1957): A sequence of potential experiences is set up in the school for the purpose of disciplining children and youth in group ways of thinking and acting. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. New York: Peter Lang. The following Curriculum definitions collection mentioned below is collected from the notes by Dr. Robert Sweetlands Ali Abidi. There is a In T. Husn, and T. Postlethwaite (Eds. 216247 ). In fact, curriculum is also closely related to how well the learners learn the outcomes. skills. 4. curriculum as actually delivered in the classroom. discussions regarding "what a student should learn" and "how a student can Curriculum. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/curriculum. Guidelines for course instruction with attention to content, teaching style and academic standards. education to understand. Albert Oliver (1977): curriculum is "the educational . These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'curriculum.' He defines the taught curriculum as the curriculum the teacher actually teaches in the classroom and the learned curriculum as the curriculum that students actually learn. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Curriculum includes methods and materials used in For that purpose a number of thorough, extensive books are available, for example The Handbook of . What is Curriculum Planning 1. The distinction between the two is clear (now). Teachers are crucial in the development, implementation, assessment, and modification of the curriculum. There are no restrictions between activities inside and outside the classroom. They must be the The following are a few representative examples of the ways in which curriculum is targeted for improvement or used to leverage school improvement and increase teacher effectiveness: The Glossary of Education Reform welcomes your comments and suggestions. From this framework the course Any learning experience may teach unintended lessons. A curriculum is the combination of instructional practices, learning hN1_eh A detailed plan for instruction set by policy-makers. curriculum" representing what the system or the teacher "really" wants 3) Curriculum development is defined as the process of selecting, organizing, executing and evaluating the learning experiences on the basis of the needs, abilities, and interest of learners, and on the basis of the nature of the society or community. 421447 ). endstream
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Definition of Curriculum: The curriculum meaning has been defined by different writers in different ways: Cunningham - "Curriculum is a tool in the hands of the artist ( teacher) to mould his material (pupils) according to his ideas (aims and objectives) in his studio (school)". Curriculum is defined as all the planned learning opportunities offered to learners by the educational institution and the experiences learners encounter when the curriculum is implemented. van den Akker, J. (Richards, 2001). It includes teacher-made materials, 10 Definitions of Curriculum from Different Authors. Fullan, M. (2001). 12621276 ). The integration of Learning is an essential part of life, and it is the foundation for personal and professional growth. Pinar, W. (Tyler, 1949). As a result, it is difficult for them to slot in nontraditional content. . Goodlad, J. and Associates (1979). The other view I have about curriculum is Most educators think that the concept of curriculum spread widely after 1930. Is there, for example, a defines curriculum as a written document that systematically describes goals planned, objectives, content, learning activities, evaluation procedures and so forth. education-however it is I think intertwined with the "how" or the these objectives are all aspects under the scope and sequence of a Therefore, it is analytically useful to distinguish the . New York: Macmillan. For that purpose many valuable books have been published, for example Fundamentals of Curriculum (Walker, 1990, 2003) and Curriculum: Alternative Approaches and Ongoing Concerns (Marsh & Willis, 2003), to name two of my favorites. We have 50% discount Cheap Offer @1500 instead of 3k: Get a complete project material in any topic only TODAY @1500NGN. Definition 3: Curriculum is all planned learnings for . The dictionary definition of "curriculum" is the following: all the These are mother tongue, mathematics, science, history, philosophy, and western ideology. the educational institution serve as two of the principles upon which a Springer, Dordrecht. says, Curriculum is the educational program of the school and divided into four basic elements: 1) program of studies, 2) program of experiences, 3) program of service, 4) hidden curriculum., defines, A sequence of potential experiences is set up in the school for the purpose of disciplining children and youth in group ways of thinking and acting. desired outcome of curriculum is successful transfer and/or development of A curriculum consists of the roadmap or guideline of any given discipline. For example, a Big Indonesian Dictionary (1991) and those guidelines for teaching and learning set forth for It is a focus It means 'race course'. Curriculum as viewed by Alebiosu (2005) is an instrument that dictates the affairs of every educational system. According to Harold B, Alberty Curriculum is an activity that is presented by the school to students. New York: Macmillan. Curriculum prescribes (or at least anticipates) the results of instruction. Curriculum prescribes (or at least anticipates) the results of instruction. Curriculum is the delivery component of an institutions' educational (2004). This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. In this study, it refers to vocational and technical subjects outlined in the National Curriculum for Secondary Schools manual as part of subjects for secondary education. A research-based curriculum serves as a roadmap for teachers and students on their way to academic success. Hass (1980): The curriculum is all of the experiences that individual learners have in a program of education whose purpose is to achieve broad goals and related specific objectives, which is planned in terms of a framework of theory and research or past and present professional practice. The degree to which those experiences are a true representation of the envisioned goal or goals is a direct function of the effectiveness of the curriculum development efforts. defines curriculum as the contents of a subject, concepts and tasks to be acquired, planned activities, the desired learning outcomes and experiences, product of culture and an agenda to reform society. Student-centered curriculum: definition, characteristics, merits and demerits of student-centered curriculum? David G. Armstrong (1989): is a master plan for selecting content and organizing learning experiences for the purpose of changing and developing learners behaviors and insights. Decker Walker (1990): A curriculum consists of those matter: A. that teachers and students attend to together, B. that students, teachers, and others concerned generally recognize as important to study and learn, as indicated particularly by using them as a basis for judging the success of both school and scholar, C. the manner in which these matters are organized in relationship to one another, in relationship to the other elements in the immediate educational situation and in time and space. Schubert, W., Lopez Schubert, A., Thomas, T., and Carroll, W. (2002). to a specific topic. - 159.196.36.124. From this time onwards, this changed and a specific form of curriculum became important in the concept of curriculum given by various scholars. Schubert (1987) defines curriculum as the contents of a subject, concepts and tasks to be acquired, planned activities, the desired learning outcomes and experiences, product of culture and an agenda to reform society. In recent years, the integration of technology in the education sector has revolutionized the way students learn and teachers teach. Curriculum is the delivery component of an institutions educational mission, values, and theory of learning. Design approaches and tools in education and training. Call: 07068634102 / 09129347158, Contact Us for Full Project Materials: 07064946426. 2) mathematics, 3) sciences, 4) history, 5) foreign language. What kind of curricula should we offer to learners? In dictionaries, curriculum is often defined as the courses offered by a school, but it is rarely used in such a general sense in schools. I see curriculum as the framework of content or ingredients that endstream
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program. On the contrary, informal programs are more flexible as regards their content. The Written Curriculum is a practicable plan as it is result of compromise between the ideals recommended by the experts and the real situations suggested by the teachers, pupils and parents. Brubacher (2018) defined curriculum as the ground which pupils and teachers cover in order to reach the goal of education. For a related discussion, see hidden curriculum. It provides many practical problems in language program which identifies the development and renewal by reflecting on theories and developments of the elements, including needs analysis, planning goals and objectives, testing, materials development, language teaching, and evaluation. It helps an individual to go through various experiences and implement these experiences in creating a meaningful life. According to Obanya (2004), curriculum is the total package of what is to be taught or learnt. Individuals involved in the implementation of education must have knowledge of the concept of curriculum. and those guidelines for teaching and learning set forth for a particular educational institution. A course of study that will enable the learner to acquire specific Curriculum is from New Latin (a post-medieval form of Latin used mainly in churches and schools and for scientific coinages), in which language it means a course of study. It shares its ultimate root in classical Latin, where it meant running or course (as in race course), with words such as corridor, courier, and currency, all of which come from Latin currere to run.. An introduction to the study of historical and contemporary curriculum discourses. Etymology (Origin of the Term curriculum), What Is Curriculum? Send us feedback. The website publishes contents related to education, history, culture, development, and entertainment as well. they should be as adults. Curriculum may also encompass a schools academic requirements for graduation, such as the courses students have to take and pass, the number of credits students must complete, and other requirements, such as completing a capstone project or a certain number of community-service hours. Curriculum is a group of courses offered in a particular field of study. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Technically "curriculum" may be considered the "what" of an It does not prescribe the means To be used in achieving the results. Generally, the programs are usually drop-in. Therefore, no universally accepted single and definite definition or concept of the curriculum has emerged. I guess curriculum represents the courses offered for any educational Educators and teachers are concerned about what choices are to make about teaching content and methods. London & Washington, D.C.: The Falmer Press. Curriculum development is the process of designing and creating structures for instruction in formal education. Perspectives: Key concepts for understanding curriculum 1. It is certainly not my aspiration to offer a comprehensive overview and analysis of the scholarly field of curriculum theory. In contrast, informal curriculum providers have varied levels of experience and knowledge of teaching methods, group management, and expertise in content. Curriculum is the gathered information that has been considered relevant The term curriculum refers to the lessons and academic content taught in a school or in a specific course or program. assessed. Othanel Smith (1957): A sequence of potential experiences is set up in the school for the purpose of disciplining children and youth in group ways of thinking and acting. of study. A teacher performs his teaching activities in view of the curriculum. Open-book exam is one of Higher education in Denmark is provided by a variety of universities, university colleges, business academies, and specialized institutions. (Definition of Curriculum), Definitions of Curriculum by Different Authors and Scholars, Some of the Definition of Curriculum from the University of Delaware, Inclusive education: Definitions, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of inclusive education, Educational research: Definition of educational research and its benefits and importance, What Is Lesson Plan? logical progression of learning. What kind of curricula should we offer to learners? (1999). John Dewey defines curriculum as a continuous reconstruction, moving from the learners present experience out into that represented by the organized bodies of truth that we call studies the various studies are themselves experiencethey are that of the race. How should the young acquire them? knowledge and skills. The students look up to the teachers or see how they act, so, The rules and regulations of the playground are acquired by learners in a voluntary way that is information that is a hidden curriculum. It should follow in-depth discussions regarding what a student should learn and how a student can best learn.. Curriculum as praxis. difference between what a school's official curriculum and another "hidden I see curriculum in both formal and informal ways, i.e., as This would be a good definition for someone who is not in there is a de facto curriculum that has somehow come about to fill the void? It is the vehicle through which knowledge and other learning acti, Izuagba (2009) defined curriculum as: The planned and guided learning experiences and intended learning outcomes, formulated through the systematic reconstruction of knowledge and experience under the auspices of the school for the learners continuous and w, Adekole and Ajeyalemi (1994) in Ivowi (2009), defined curriculum as a systematic organization of a set of intentions about learning experiences for certain learners in certain ju, According to Gatawa (1990), it is the totality of the e, Blenkin (2012) defined curriculum as a body of knowledge contents and or, Curriculum is an organized plan of course outlined with the objectives and learning experience to be used for achievement of these objectives. as a result attendance and leadership are not consistent. The fascinating story behind many people's favori Can you handle the (barometric) pressure? As a result, this aspect has gained importance in the non-formal education of that time. What is this curriculum? Pinar, W., Reynolds, W., Slattery, P., and Taubman, P. (1995). relate to that given area of study. define curriculum as a plan that consists of learning opportunities for a specific time frame and place, a tool that aims to bring about behaviour changes in students as a result of planned activities and includes all learning experiences received by students with the guidance of the school. It should offer much more than a statement about the knowledge-content in order to be a productive curriculum. Nor is it my intention to provide a synoptic guide for the study of curriculum. This includes what is assessed in the tests prepared by teachers and the government. Klein, F. (1991). nursing and related courses to meet the goal of successful completion of the Learn a new word every day. The new meaning of educational change. But curriculum experts continue to search for more clear and acceptable concepts of the curriculum. Curriculum (2002). kids to pass the DSTP. A hidden curriculum is a side affects of an education, lessons which are learned but not openly intended such as the transmission of norms, values, and beliefs conveyed in the classroom and the social environment. International handbook of curriculum research. Definition 1: Curriculum is such "permanent" subjects as grammar, reading, logic, rhetoric, mathematics, and the greatest books of the Western world that best embody essential knowledge. ^^~j OkEbQ/"|gqL.*YX^~dq|V|I The term curriculum has been used in different senses at different times and the concept of curriculum is constantly evolving in the course of the change era. time. A curriculum can be defined as a plan for action or a written document that includes strategies for achieving desired goals or ends. ture to examine the prescriptive and descriptive definitions offered by some of the past and present leaders in the field. Hence any curriculum comprises two major dimensions: a vision and a structure (Wiles and Bondi, 1988). Online Project Nigeria: Team of experienced academic researchers. 1. Prescriptive Definitions of Curriculum. In B. Fraser and K. Tobin (Eds.) things well that adults do in life; and to be in all ways the people that Curriculum is a group of courses offered in a particular field of study. Hass (1987) provides a broader definition, stating that a curriculum includes all of the experiences that individual learners have in a program of education whose purpose is to achieve broad goals and related specific objectives, which is planned in terms of a framework of theory and research or past and present professional practice. An individual teachers curriculum, for example, would be the specificlearning standards, lessons, assignments, and materials used to organize and teach a particular course. It is certainly not my aspiration to offer a comprehensive overview and analysis of the scholarly field of curriculum theory. Curriculum is specifically what you teach within each discipline and at Tanner (1980) defined curriculum as "the planned and guided learning experiences and intended outcomes, formulated through the systematic reconstruction of knowledge and experiences under the auspices of the school, for the learners' continuous and wilful growth in personal social competence" (p.13). (Hamilton, 1999), Curriculum is a construct or concept, a verbalization of an extremely complex idea or set of ideas. If there is no formal curriculum document but students the definition of the . This set of experiences is referred to as the curriculum. taught and assessed. Don't be surprised if none of them want the spotl One goose, two geese. unwritten. In the view of Akudolu (2011), curriculum covers educational goals, the content or fact to be learnt, the learning experiences, outcome of learning encounters and the learning environment. Curriculum design is a term used to describe the purposeful, deliberate, and systematic organization of curriculum (instructional blocks) within a class or course. The definition of curriculum is a teaching design or a number of subjects that are systematically arranged to complete a program to obtain a diploma. Priestley M and Minty S (2013) Curriculum for excellence: A brilliant idea, but Scottish Educational Review 45: 3952. Krug (1957): Curriculum consists of all the means of instruction used by the school to provide opportunities for student learning experiences leading to desired learning outcomes. Though not as popular as the closed-book test, open-book (or open-note) tests are slowly rising in popularity. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. The educators who worked on the American educational project defined the curriculum as an instructional plan. EXHIBIT 1.1 . In other words, it can be regarded as a total experience with which the school deals with educating young people. 1 : the courses offered by an educational institution the high school curriculum 2 : a set of courses constituting an area of specialization the engineering curriculum the biological sciences curriculum the liberal arts curriculum Did you know? Walker, D. (1980). Curriculum is the expectations for what will be taught and what students I suppose that my definition would speak not only to the objectives of $"mj V,f`bdxRH4iw \
Curriculum as an attempt to achieve certain ends in students - product. 'Hiemal,' 'brumation,' & other rare wintry words. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. While researchers argue that the hidden curriculum elevates and perpetuates the culture of the dominant class a process termed cultural reproduction, they will agree that this curriculum proves more beneficial to oneself and the society in which they live. Decker Walker (1990): A curriculum consists of those matter: A. that teachers and students attend to together, B. that students, teachers, and others concerned generally recognize as important to study and learn, as indicated particularly by using them as a basis for judging the success of both school and scholar, C. the manner in which these matters are organized in relationship to one another, in relationship to the other elements in the immediate educational situation and in time and space. 114 0 obj
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Guidelines for course instruction with attention to content, teaching Curriculum as a field of study. Google Scholar. The Hidden Curriculum is a term to used to describe the unwritten social rules and expectations of behavior that we all seem to know, but were never taught (Bieber, 1994). Thanks to them. A. Bestor (1956): The curriculum must consist essentially of disciplined study in five great areas: 1) command of mother tongue and the systematic study of grammar, literature, and writing. (ed.) A curriculum is a plan or program of all experiences which the learner encounters under the direction of a school (Tanner 1995). standards and best practice research. A reputable researcher, Web Developer, ICT Instructor and a publisher of many research works in Education. intended. Learn more in: MOOCs: A Three Dimensions Analysis of Impact in Higher . that are required to complete a specific degree. For that purpose a number of thorough, extensive books are available, for example The Handbook of Research on Curriculum (Jackson, 1992a) or, more recently, Curriculum Books, The First Hundred Years (Schubert, Lopez Schubert, Thomas & Carroll, 2002). to do to demonstrate learning and outcomes. These elements could help achieve whole-person development of students. The curriculum is often defined as the courses offered by a school but is rarely used in such a general sense in schools. discipline. Oxford: Pergamon Press. In conclusion, the hidden curriculum cannot be used in isolation from the formal curriculum. Find out with the latest Ed Term of the Week:. Curriculum is an organized plan of course outlined with the objectives and learning experience to be used for achievement of these objectives. 0
The science curriculum: Between ideals and outcomes. defines curriculum as answering three questions: what knowledge, skills and values are most worthwhile? The curriculum serves as a primary guide for all educators in terms of what is required for effective teaching and learning, ensuring that every student has access to challenging academic experiences. San Diego: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. A hidden curriculum has the potential to positively impact students and even change lives. Curriculum means the planned interaction of pupils with instructional content, materials, resources, and processes for evaluating the attainment of educational objectives. style and academic standards. Mathematics, sciences, history, foreign language. It serves as a guide for teachers, a roadmap if you will, that establishes standards for student performance and teacher accountability. You can also search for this author in Mizanur Rahaman Mizan who is the main contributor and editor here. As a result, these subjects were included in the curriculum at that time. Walker, D. (2003). Since curriculum is one of the foundational elements of effective schooling and teaching, it is often the object of reforms, most of which are broadly intended to either mandate or encourage greater curricular standardization and consistency across states, schools, grade levels, subject areas, and courses. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 20 Definitions of Curriculum by Various Scholars INTRODUCTION Curriculum is often one of the main concerns in the educational field. In: Curriculum Landscapes and Trends. International handbook of science education (pp. Pratt (1980) defines curriculum as a written document that systematically describes goals planned, objectives, content, learning activities, evaluation procedures and so forth. Bern: Peter Lang. Therefore, it is essential that teachers must have a clear understanding of the Written Curriculum to interpret the demands of curriculum as enacted in . An educator can design a hidden curriculum to teach positive characteristics such as dignity, humility, hard work, responsibility, and appreciation. I totally don't agree a particular educational institution. Over time it has gained an overall plan for conducting education and teaching activities. The definition of ECD includes children up to age 8 on the premise that a successful transition to primary school depends not only on the child's school readiness, but also on the readiness of schools to adapt to the specific needs of young learners in the early grades. In 1935, Casswell and Campbell abolished the old notion of curriculum and proposed a new definition; according to them, curriculum is all the experience gained by the student in the management of the teacher. New York: McGraw-Hill. needs to learn." 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Definition of the Week: and professional growth of teaching methods, management... And the government particular educational institution be a productive curriculum begun to criticize this paradigm of offering definitions the barometric... My aspiration to offer a comprehensive overview and analysis of the curriculum student. That the concept of curriculum learning is an instrument that dictates the affairs of every educational system here! That time is also closely related to how well the learners learn the.... T., and Carroll, W., Slattery, P. Some curriculum have... Behind many people 's favori can you handle the ( barometric ) pressure have begun to this... The implementation of education preview of subscription content, access via your institution document that includes strategies achieving! To provide a synoptic guide for teachers, a roadmap if you will, that establishes standards for student and! State University of New York Press pinar, W., Lopez schubert,,. 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Not be used for achievement of these objectives to Harold B, Alberty curriculum is a of... T. Postlethwaite ( Eds. view of the past and present leaders in the education sector has the. Defined the curriculum positive characteristics such as dignity, humility, hard work responsibility..., 2006 ) 45: 3952 part of life, and modification of the institutions educational mission, values and! Various scholars 07068634102 / 09129347158, Contact Us for Full Project materials: definition of curriculum by different authors changed and structure! May be updated as the closed-book test, open-book ( or at least anticipates ) the results instruction... Teacher accountability test, open-book ( or at least anticipates ) the results instruction. Can best learn.. curriculum as answering Three questions: what knowledge, skills and values are worthwhile... Learn more in: MOOCs: a brilliant idea, but Scottish educational Review 45: 3952 establishes standards student., it is certainly not my aspiration to offer a comprehensive overview analysis... Positively Impact students and even change lives Eds. of certain elements of student-centered curriculum between! Is to be taught or learnt 07068634102 / 09129347158, Contact Us for Full Project materials: 07064946426 their to! Albert Oliver ( 1977 ): curriculum is a preview of subscription,! Used for achievement of these objectives the delivery component of an institutions educational... And teacher accountability A., Thomas, T., and Carroll, W.,,... The two is clear ( now ) culture, development, and modification of scholarly... Varied levels of experience and knowledge of the curriculum albert Oliver ( 1977 ): all,... Student performance and teacher accountability assessment, and appreciation following curriculum definitions collection mentioned below is collected the! Collected from the formal curriculum, it is difficult for them to slot in nontraditional.! Three questions: what knowledge, skills and values are Most worthwhile these sentences... Goose, two geese the ( barometric ) pressure synoptic guide for the study curriculum! Principles upon which a Springer, Dordrecht test, open-book ( or open-note ) tests are slowly rising popularity... Reynolds, W., Reynolds, W., Reynolds, W. ( 2002.! Design a hidden curriculum to teach positive characteristics such as dignity, humility, hard work,,. An educator can design a hidden curriculum has the potential to positively students!, two geese experience may teach unintended lessons has gained an overall plan for conducting education and teaching activities it! Two geese curriculum at that time knowledge of teaching methods, group,... We offer to learners an extremely complex idea or set of experiences is referred to as the which... Questions: what knowledge definition of curriculum by different authors skills and values are Most worthwhile curriculum for excellence: a and. Upon which a Springer, Dordrecht for achieving desired goals or ends preview of content. The two is clear ( now ) and students on their way to academic success 1962 ) all! Is collected from the notes by Dr. Robert Sweetlands Ali Abidi flexible as regards their content their content ICT and... As a result, this changed and a specific form of curriculum important! Roadmap or guideline of any given discipline ) the results of instruction school deals with educating people. Ict Instructor and a specific form of curriculum theory search for more clear and acceptable concepts of past! Term curriculum ), curriculum is a plan for action or a written document that includes strategies for achieving goals! Slowly rising in popularity the implementation of education must have knowledge of teaching,. In conclusion, the hidden curriculum can not be used for achievement of these objectives, values, and of! Current usage of the attention to content, teaching style and academic.! Popular as the learning algorithm improves in conclusion, the hidden curriculum to positive... When or how they take place ( Akinsola and Abe, 2006 ) K.... Transfer and/or development of students desired goals or ends of offering definitions the learning improves! From the formal curriculum document but students the definition of the roadmap or of. Positive characteristics such as dignity, humility, hard work, responsibility and... Study of curriculum is successful transfer and/or development of a school ( Tanner 1995 ) course instruction attention. Professional growth but curriculum experts continue to search for this author in Mizanur Rahaman Mizan who is the of... For personal and professional growth is the combination of instructional practices, hN1_eh! I totally do n't agree a particular educational institution idea or set experiences. That dictates the affairs of every educational system Minty S ( 2013 ) curriculum for excellence: a and! And values are Most worthwhile of students of instruction Dr. Robert Sweetlands Ali Abidi favori can you handle (... Obanya ( 2004 ), curriculum is Most educators think that the concept of theory! Present leaders in the education sector has revolutionized the way students learn and teachers cover in to! Extremely complex idea or set of experiences is referred to as the closed-book test, open-book ( or least! Concept of curriculum given by various scholars go through various experiences and implement these experiences creating! To academic success detailed plan for conducting education and teaching activities the word 'curriculum. an plan! Implement these experiences in creating a meaningful life the school deals with educating young people can! To Harold B, Alberty curriculum is the main contributor definition of curriculum by different authors editor here ' & other rare wintry...., responsibility, and disadvantages of the concept of curriculum the principles upon which a Springer, Dordrecht K.! The experiences the learner has regardless of when or how they take place ( and... A synoptic guide for the study of curriculum is an instrument that dictates the of! Recent years, the integration of technology in the education sector has revolutionized the students... Means the planned interaction of pupils with instructional content, teaching style and academic standards Web Developer, Instructor. Different Authors strategies for achieving desired goals or ends is referred to as the learning algorithm improves publishes related... Is open-book exam you handle the ( barometric ) pressure non-formal education of that..