Question 2 Punishment that is based on getting even for violating the social contract is known as: a. retribution. 578 0 R 579 0 R 580 0 R 581 0 R 582 0 R 583 0 R 584 0 R 585 0 R 586 0 R 587 0 R << /Filter /FlateDecode a. deterrence b. incapacitation c. rehabilitation d. Boot camps in adult corrections are usually used for: First time offenders in their late teens or early twenties. @@vU\w/`LZ'29>l)y w}b WZAC:-1AD
True diversion takes place when an offender is referred to a program, and the completion of which will enable him or her to avoid criminal prosecution. /S /Part Children threatened by abuse, neglect, violence, racial bias, and poverty are usually ignoredunless they do something violent. /Type /StructElem The executive branch has the right to overturn or ban policies that are in conflict with constitutional rights. Children as young as eight have been prosecuted as adults. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] If not, give a counterexample. RevenuesCostofSalesGrossProfitSelling,General,andAdministrativeExpensesProfitBeforeTaxIncomeTaxesNetIncomeYear121,891,466(1,737,427)154,039(98,524)55,515(23,594)31,921. Since 2010, we have successfully represented children across the country to obtain new sentences. << endobj Restitution is the most popular model of restorative justice. /F6 48 0 R 454 0 R 455 0 R 456 0 R 457 0 R 457 0 R 457 0 R 457 0 R 457 0 R 457 0 R 457 0 R Government figures show that an African American male born today has a one in three chance of spending at least a year in prison at some point in his life. /ExtGState << >> The interpretation of laws is done by the ____________________ branch of government. /F5 47 0 R Retribution is perhaps the most intuitive and the most questionable aim of punishment in the criminal law. John Howard was responsible for building the first prison in the United States, the Heritage House, in Philadelphia Pennsylvania in 1794. 35 0 obj /ca 1 /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Tabs /S 627 0 R 627 0 R 627 0 R 628 0 R 629 0 R 630 0 R 631 0 R 632 0 R 633 0 R 634 0 R 0 0 0 0 0 556 0 0 556 0 Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Over time, chronic hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections can progress to advanced liver disease, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. >> /Subtype /Link /F3 25 0 R << The federal sentencing guidelines originated in October 1984 when Congress passed which federal law---a law that, among other things, abolished parole? endstream >> /GS17 35 0 R Most of these sentences were mandatorythe sentencing judge was not allowed to consider the childs age or life history. /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] d. The value of MARR is usually determined by /F3 25 0 R >> /StructParents 3 Instant Download Sample Chapters 1. 532 0 R 533 0 R 534 0 R 535 0 R 536 0 R 537 0 R 538 0 R 539 0 R 540 0 R 541 0 R If the statement is true, explain why. >> endobj Download this PSY 2013 study guide to get exam ready in less time! Human beings are seen as rational creatures, who, being free to choose their actions, can be held responsible for their behavior. and more. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] >> /Chartsheet /Part 457 0 R 458 0 R] c. serving short sentences. Programmed contact services, GPS, Field monitoring devices (all of these), Selling,General,andAdministrativeExpenses, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology, Exam 1 evolution homeostasis nutrition and di. /Font << /FontDescriptor 769 0 R It is appropriate for judges to consider a defendant's race in making their sentencing decision. 368 0 R 369 0 R 370 0 R 371 0 R 372 0 R 373 0 R 374 0 R 375 0 R 376 0 R 377 0 R 538 0 R 539 0 R 540 0 R 541 0 R 542 0 R 543 0 R 544 0 R 545 0 R 546 0 R 547 0 R /Resources << endobj Deferred prosecution programs have focused on persons suffering from alcohol, drug, or mental health problems who can ask permission of the court to go through an intensive treatment program in lieu of being prosecuted. hb```"V FE+SH`nwpo(4f4FR>lx Wide public support for "just desert" sentencing caused interest in community sanctions geared toward: The nation's first crime victim compensation program began in 1965 in which U.S. state? /Type /Page Financial restitution is payment of a sum of money by the offender to the court. 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R] endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /ParentTree 21 0 R ?>yv|bN]jo]Wo^wWWCw
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'3?+D2:83\: /BM /Normal Intensive supervised probation (ISP) was created and first implemented in 1982 in the state of: Boot camps began in adult corrections, but are more recently used for juvenile offenders. /F5 47 0 R 14 0 obj A program to divert drug abusers from the criminal justice system into specialized support services is known as: Recidivism rises as probation caseload size _. /Type /Group On May 17, 2010, the Court in Graham v. Florida barred life-without-parole sentences for juveniles convicted of nonhomicide offenses. The state believes that in order for an offenders' behavior to change, punishment should: Which goal of punishment promotes sentencing people to prison to restrain them physically, so that during the time they are confined society is protected? They found that some people sentenced to prison were more likely to engage in further violence after imprisonment. Unlike other forms, more than 80% of hepatitis C infections become chronic and lead to liver disease. The sanction requiring a portion of the defendant's income to be paid is referred to as the: ________________ is the intermediate sanction that involves the government seizing property that was derived from or used in criminal activity. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Dealing with the punitively oriented alternative. In an adult jail or prison, this behavior results in more aggressive punishmentwhich can worsen a childs mental health problems.4 Campaign for Youth Justice, Jailing Juveniles: The Dangers of Incarcerating Youth in Adult Jails in America (Nov. 2007). Many children prosecuted as adults suffer from untreated mental illness. EJI launched a litigation campaign in 2006 to challenge death-in-prison sentences imposed on children. Evaluate the way SeaBreeze classified each of the five items on its income statement. 603 0 R 604 0 R 605 0 R 606 0 R 607 0 R 608 0 R 609 0 R 610 0 R 611 0 R 612 0 R Violent Crime Control and Law Endorcement Act. /Type /Group /CS /DeviceRGB endobj << /Length 57 263 0 R 264 0 R 265 0 R 266 0 R 267 0 R 268 0 R 269 0 R 270 0 R 271 0 R 272 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R 190 0 R 191 0 R 192 0 R 193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R Specialized courts differ from traditional courts in that they focus on one type of offender or offense, and because of their rehabilitative focus, tend to use which type of sentencing approach? Which federal law authorized funding for additional state prisons and jails in order to ensure that convicted offenders serve a large portion of their sentence? >> \hline \text{Profit Before Tax}&55,515 \\ The equity goal of punishment means that convicted offenders must do which of the following? The most common form of criminal sanction during the 20th century was: The ____________________ is a correctional approach aimed at returning offenders to the community as soon as possible. /Parent 2 0 R >> Currently, public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by: a. paying for their crimes. /Annotation /Sect Read more in David Harding, Jeffrey D. Morenoff, Anh P. Nguyen, Shawn D. Bushway, and Ingrid A. Binswagner, "A Natural Experiment Study of the Effects of Imprisonment on Violence in The Community," NatureHuman Behavior,(2019). The justification for punishment does not express public outrage. Many kids who are transferred to adult court for criminal prosecution are automatically placed in adult jails and prisons.5 Patrick Griffin et al, Trying Juveniles as Adults: An Analysis of State Transfer Laws and Reporting, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Sept. 2011). endobj )"Hr)-&cAQ)%* "A$49 ld`K`6L&3i$$TEW?o {
Deferred prosecution programs appear to be a good option for most first offenders because they avoid the stigma of a criminal record and reduce the volume of persons going through the criminal justice process. 593 0 R 594 0 R 595 0 R 596 0 R 597 0 R 598 0 R 599 0 R 600 0 R 601 0 R 602 0 R +l1~V)/~z.]HN Truth-in-sentencing laws require inmates to serve what percentage of their sentence. >> Restorative justice focuses on the welfare of the offender in the aftermath of the crime. >> /Tabs /S A sentence of 1 to 15 years is an example of a determinate sentence. The preventative effect of imprisoning a non-violent felony offender is even smaller (specifically, 40 non-violent offenders must be imprisoned to prevent a single individual from committing a violent felony over five years). Every state in America has capacity to house juveniles separate from adults but many refuse to do so.3 Sarah Hockenberry & Anthony Sladky, Juvenile Residential Facility Census, 2016: Selected Findings, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Dec. 2016). /F6 48 0 R 32 0 obj The ____________________ is the idea that criminality is a sickness that can be cured through psychological intervention. Sentencing Commission? According to the text, citizens are most concerned about the high rate of probationers'____________________. Eleven states have no minimum age for trying children as adults: Alaska, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Maine, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, and West Virginia. /Tabs /S Jailing Juveniles: The Dangers of Incarcerating Youth in Adult Jails in America. /A 774 0 R v,P1(-`fI*/_d@ u&I&gNpK=O^}"U3\?[10 Who was the English sheriff who advocated jail reform during the 1700s? >> Which of the following challenges the ability of corrections to function as a system? More than half of the children under 14 transferred to adult court each year are African American or Latino. /Tabs /S << 34 0 obj hmO8?:qc;NH+]V"=]uJ.;Mp"7o"LZ1!U|&|*V4QDym $Further information available to you reveals the following five items (all financial figures reported in millions of yuan). 580 0 R 581 0 R 582 0 R] Children housed in an adult jail or prison are up to 9 times more likely to commit suicide than those in juvenile facilities. 8Q[,sy*4I#QG{H}>|PCi_Ujg7TQ[\! Ig`l8_H*1&j4esF#\==A@!zKR~H"/ ),R$4#Gj@J .6%lC+M$N_Uz,qOxLdKZ"9jqYX;Y{ZY_cB!W 12 [656 0 R 657 0 R 658 0 R 659 0 R 660 0 R 661 0 R 662 0 R 663 0 R 664 0 R 665 0 R ____________________ requires an offender to perform a certain number of work hours at a private nonprofit or government agency. /Type /Page Some 4,500 children are housed in adult jails and prisons on any given day in America. >> << /Group << Which goal of punishment is designed to prevent others from committing similar crimes? /Length 85 /Footnote /Note Currently, public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by: a. paying for their crimes c. serving short sentences b. learning lessons d. having charges dropped ANS: A REF: 6 OBJ: 1 7. >> 478 0 R 479 0 R 480 0 R 481 0 R 482 0 R 483 0 R 484 0 R 485 0 R 486 0 R 487 0 R These offenders are still locked up because it is widely assumed that imprisonment makes communities safer and deters offenders from committing additional violent offenses after release. /Type /Group Currently, public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by: Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it. /CS /DeviceRGB Research has shown that both Latinos and African-Americans are, in general, sentenced more harshly than are whites. /F1 23 0 R /Keywords (Corrections Today;Siege;2nd Edition;Test Bank) This can happen for a variety of reasons. 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